Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) ISSN: 2368-7487 Published By : Writerr Publication The Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to the publication of original research, reviews, and short communications in the fields of fisheries and aquaculture. The journal provides a platform for advancements in aquatic sciences, covering areas such as aquatic ecosystems, aquaculture practices, fish health, nutrition, environmental impacts, fish processing, and the socio-economic aspects of fisheries. Submissions must be original, unpublished work. All articles undergo a double-blind peer review process, evaluated by expert reviewers, with final decisions made by the editorial board. Accepted articles are published online and made freely accessible to the global scientific community.
Algae Biofuel as a Substitute for Petrol: Comparative Life-Cycle & Emissions Assessment
The rising environmental impact of fossil fuels has accelerated research into renewable alternatives. Among these, algae-based biofuels are promising due to high productivity, CO₂ sequestration ability, and non-competition with food crops. This study evaluates the life-cycle environmental performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of algal biofuel relative to conventional petrol. Using a cradle-to-burn analysis, we quantify energy input, carbon footprint, and emissions output. Results indicate that algae biofuel systems can reduce lifecycle CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) emissions by up to 65% compared to petrol, while offering a lower net energy balance. The assessment also identifies key stages—harvesting, lipid extraction, and combustion—where improvements yield the greatest environmental benefits. The findings support algae biofuel as a viable, lower-emissions alternative to conventional petrol, especially when integrated with carbon capture and waste nutrient utilization.
Algae biofuel, life-cycle assessment (LCA), emissions assessment, petrol substitute, sustainable energy, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon footprint.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Physico-Chemical Characteristics, Zooplankton Diversity And Fish Biodiversity Of Kakinada Bay And Coringa Mangrove Ecosystem, Andhra Pradesh, India
The present study investigated the water quality parameters, zooplankton diversity, and fish biodiversity of the Gautami Godavari estuarine system and mangrove ecosystems of the Kakinada Bay and Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary region, Andhra Pradesh, India. Monthly sampling was conducted from July 2013 to June 2014 at six selected stations namely Kakinada Bay, Chollangi, Matlapalem, Ramanapalem, Coringa, and Bhairavapalem. Important physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, alkalinity, carbon dioxide, and hardness were analyzed using standard methods. Zooplankton samples were collected using plankton nets and fish diversity was assessed from fishermen catches and field collections. The study revealed considerable seasonal and spatial variations in water quality characteristics under the influence of tidal fluctuations and monsoonal freshwater influx. Temperature varied from 26°C to 36°C, while pH remained slightly alkaline throughout the study period. Dissolved oxygen showed marked fluctuations with comparatively lower values during summer months. Salinity exhibited significant seasonal changes due to freshwater discharge during monsoon and marine water intrusion during dry periods. Higher alkalinity and hardness values were observed in Kakinada Bay owing to tidal influence and dissolved mineral content. Zooplankton diversity was dominated by copepods followed by decapod larvae, chaetognaths, gastropod veligers, polychaete larvae, bivalve veligers, appendicularians, ostracods, and cladocerans. Seasonal abundance indicated that mangrove ecosystems provide highly productive nursery grounds supporting rich planktonic populations. Fish biodiversity analysis recorded 31 species belonging to 26 genera, 16 families, and 7 orders. Perciformes formed the dominant group followed by Cypriniformes and Clupeiformes. Commercially important fishes such as Mugil cephalus, Sardinella longiceps, Glossogobius giuris, and Oreochromis mossambicus were commonly observed. The present investigation highlights the ecological significance of the Kakinada Bay and Coringa mangrove ecosystems in maintaining estuarine productivity, fishery resources, and biodiversity conservation. The study also provides baseline scientific information for future environmental monitoring, conservation planning, and sustainable management of the Godavari estuarine ecosystem.
Kakinada Bay; Coringa Mangroves; Gautami Godavari Estuary; Water Quality; Zooplankton; Fish Biodiversity; Physico-Chemical Parameters; Mangrove Ecosystem; Estuarine Ecology; Coastal Biodiversity.
Record of Monogenean Parasite Chauhanellus indicus in Freshwater Fishes Mystus seenghala and Clarias batrachus at Muzaffarnagar District (U.P.) India
Monogeneans, which are primarily ectoparasitic in nature, can seriously damage aquaculture systems, particularly when it comes to fish. 729 freshwater fish of the species Mystus seenghala and Clarias batrachus were gathered from various freshwater resources in the Indian district of Muzaffarnagar and examined for monogenean infestation. A total of 38 fish hosts yielded 130 monogeneans from the genus Chauhanellus (Dactylogyrus), with an overall prevalence of 5.21%. Different seasonal conditions affect the prevalence percentage of Dactylogyrus infection on fish hosts. Dactylogyrus members are oviparous (egg-laying) monogenean trematodes with two pairs of anchors for attachment to the fish host's skin and gills. Dactylogyrus can also be found on the fins and buccal cavity of fish with severe infections. The author of this paper used sketches and photomicrographs to examine the morphological details of the parasites. Measurement ranges are displayed in table form along with other authors' comparisons.
Monogenean, ectoparasite, freshwater fish, Mystus seenghala, Clarias batrachus etc.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Selected Nanoparticles: A Review
Recently, nanobiotechnology has attracted a lot of attention, as it is a rapidly emerging field which is still growing and developing efficient and advanced therapeutic protocols under the umbrella of nanomedicine and environmental remediation. It can revolutionize solutions to biomedical problems by developing effective treatment protocols and therapeutics. In this review, we come across the green synthesised metal oxide nanoparticles such as iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide and some other mixed metal oxides using different plant sources, their characterisation techniques and applications. The seasonal distributions of plants and their compositions as well as issues with low purity and poor yield were the major concerns. Anyhow, current environmental problems and problems associated with chemical synthesis, were also taken in mind and selected green synthesis as an alternative development prospect with potential applications. However, focus and research are still required to make these therapeutics more effective and safer to use.
Green synthesis, iron oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide.
Improved Growth Performance And Mucosal Immunity In Koi Carp Fed On A Diet Enriched With Borassus Flabellifer Sap
Koi carps are fascinating ornamental fish known for their vibrant colouration and graceful appearance. Due to their high popularity in the ornamental fish sector, their growth enhancement and mucosal immunity are of great concern. B.flabellifer sap or palm nectar was coated along with the commercial pellet diet at various concentrations, i.e. 2.0%, 5.0%, 10.0% and 15.0% respectively. In parallel, a control diet lacking palm sap was maintained for analysis to test the growth and skin mucosal immune parameters in koi carp reared in indoor culture system. Koi carp fed on the P3 diet showed a maximum weight gain of 1.95 ± 0.02g compared to a low weight gain of 0.654 ± 0.02g noticed in the control diet fed fish. The skin mucosal immune parameters, such as total immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity and alkaline phosphatase activity, were remarkably high in the skin mucus of P3 and P4 treated groups compared to control diet-fed fish.
Borassus flabellifer sap, skin mucus, Mucosal immunity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers from Agricultural Residues for Water Treatment
This paper investigates the synthesis of biodegradable polymers derived from agricultural residues as eco-friendly adsorbents for water purification. Agricultural wastes such as rice husk and sugarcane bagasse were processed to extract cellulose and lignin, which were then chemically modified to form biodegradable polymeric adsorbents. The synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface area analysis. Adsorption studies were performed for removal of heavy metals (Pb²⁺, Cr⁶⁺) and organic dyes (Methylene Blue) from aqueous solutions. Results indicate high affinity of the biodegradable polymers toward contaminants, with maximum removal efficiencies exceeding 85% under optimized conditions. The findings demonstrate that agro-residue-derived biopolymers can serve as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to synthetic adsorbents for wastewater treatment. This study focuses on the extraction of high-purity cellulose from agro-residue-based waste paper and its conversion into biodegradable polymeric adsorbents for water purification. Waste paper fibers were pretreated using alkaline swelling followed by a bleaching/delignification step to remove lignin, hemicelluloses, dyes, and fillers. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups, including O–H stretching (3330–3400 cm⁻¹), C–H stretching (2890–2925 cm⁻¹), and β-glycosidic linkage bands at 895 cm⁻¹. SEM micrographs revealed a morphological transformation from compact raw fibers to smooth, fibrillated, and porous micro fibrils after purification. The extracted cellulose was further utilized to synthesize biodegradable polymer adsorbents, which showed high removal efficiency for Pb²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, and methylene blue dyes. Adsorption behavior followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and exhibited increased performance at optimized pH and adsorbent dosage. The results demonstrate that agro-residue waste is a viable and eco-friendly raw material for value-added polymer production, offering a sustainable solution for water treatment applications
Biodegradable polymer, agricultural residue, adsorption, water treatment, cellulose, lignin, FTIR, SEM, water purification.
Review of Predictive Artificial Intelligence Models in Major League Baseball Analytics
In the present time, MLB - Major League Baseball is a professional biggest sporting event at international level. And the researchers are very much keen about the prediction of results in this particular game. Many have tried envisaging and forecasting the outcome of these matches on the basis of trend and scenario. But the predicting outcome accuracy levels of these matches are not up to the mark, it ranges between 50 to 60 percent only. Therefore, nowadays to improve this accuracy, various artificial-intelligence based methods are being used. The purpose of this research is to analyze and compare different machine learning models used by various authors over the years. It will assess these models on dimensions like Flexibility, Complexity and Interpretability. With the help of these comparisons the researcher will also suggest how improvements can be made in these models so that higher level of accuracy can be achieved in predicting the results of the game.
Major League Baseball, Machine Learning, Prediction Model, Artificial Intelligence
Biosocial Determinants and Infant Feeding Practices Influencing Growth among Tribal Infants in Manipur Valley
Birth weight and early infancy growth are critical indicators of child health, shaped by a complex interplay of maternal biosocial, nutritional, and environmental factors. This longitudinal study investigates the influence of maternal characteristics and feeding practices on infant growth among tribal populations in the valley districts of Manipur. A sample of 457 mother–infant pairs was followed over twelve months, with infant weight as the primary outcome variable. Using multiple and stepwise regression analyses, the study evaluates seventeen maternal and environmental predictors, including maternal age, weight, parity, education, antenatal care, and infant feeding practices. The findings reveal that infant age (p < 0.01) and maternal weight (p < 0.01) are the most significant positive predictors of growth, while maternal age (p < 0.05) and parity (p < 0.01) show significant negative associations. Exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.01) and colostrum feeding (p < 0.01) emerge as strong contributors to improved infant weight. Antenatal care utilization (p < 0.01) and access to safe drinking water (p < 0.01) also positively influence growth outcomes. The study underscores the multifactorial nature of infant growth and emphasizes the need for targeted maternal and child health interventions in underserved tribal communities, supporting context-specific health strategies.
Birth Weight, Infant Growth, Maternal Biosocial Factors, Breastfeeding, Tribal Health
Phytochemical analysis of some selected species of the family Convolvulaceae occurring in Central Rajasthan
Family Convolvulaceae occupies a significant position among first ten dominant families of RajasthanState.The family is important as a source of food, for drugs, for several ornamentals etc. Plant used foredible purposes include Ipomoea batatas and Ipomoea aquatica. Plants of medicinal value includeEvolvulus alsinoides,and Ipomoea violacea,. Plants of ornamental value include Argyreia speciosa (ElehantCreeper), and Ipomoea cairica (Railway Creeper). Phytochemical investigations is taken up for the presentstudies of some selected species of Convolvulaceae occurring in Central Rajasthan, include the quantitative estimation of total soluble sugars, soluble proteins, starch, free amino acids, and phenols.
Biochemical Responses of Protein and Lipid Levels to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Chronic Bioaccumulation in Labeo rohita
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are known to accumulate in fat rich tissues due to their lipophilic characteristics, leading to bioconcentration and biomagnifications in the food chain. This accumulation poses risk to human health and the environment. The bioaccumulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Labeo rohita can significantly impact their protein and lipid concentrations. The current research investigated how PCBs impact on protein and lipid levels in Labeo rohita under laboratory conditions. Labeo rohita belonging to the family Cyprinidae, weighing 25-30g procured from local fish dealer. Fish were acclimatized for a week at holding temperature of 18-220C. Chronic PCBs Lc50 is 0.90 ppm for 28 days, PCBs deposition in tissues had increased significantly with dose and exposure duration dependent manner. The Lowry method was used to measure total protein concentrations, while lipid content was determined through Folch extraction method. The study results indicated that biochemical components showed a significant decrease which linked to increasing dosages of the treatment. The control group showed protein levels of 6.03 mg/g which decreased to 3.51 mg/g at 0.90 ppm (Lc50) while lipid levels dropped from 13.06 mg/g to 9.81 mg/g. (Lc50). The study reveals that, the PCBs exposure causes metabolic stress which results in the depletion of necessary biochemical reserves. The study demonstrates that Labeo rohita protein and lipid levels function as reliable biomarkers to evaluate how aquatic ecosystems experience toxicological effects and environmental contamination.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Protein, Lipid, depletion, Labeo rohita, Lowry's Method, Folch Method, Biochemical Changes, Biomarker.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Snakehead Fishes (Channidae): Aquaculture Potential, Nutritional Composition and Molecular Regulation of Lipid Metabolism: A Mini Review
Snakehead fishes (family Channidae) are increasingly important in freshwater aquaculture across Asia and emerging regions such as sub‑Saharan Africa, driven by high consumer preference, rapid growth, air‑breathing ability and perceived medicinal value. Culture intensification has stimulated a rapid shift from trash‑fish based feeding to formulated diets, raising critical questions about optimal protein lipid nutrition, lipid deposition, health, and the molecular regulation of energy and lipid metabolism. Recent studies are evaluated growth and feed efficiency responses to concentration based dietary protein and lipid levels in several snakehead species and hybrids, and has begun to clarify the roles of key metabolic regulators such as leptin paralogs, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling in energy balance and lipid metabolism. Similar studies have detailed proximate composition, amino acid profile, albumin content and fatty acid composition of different Channa species and products, showing their nutritional value for humans and potential as functional foods. The aim of the present study is to understand (1) the aquaculture potential and production systems for snakehead fishes; (2) their flesh and product nutritional characteristics; and (3) emerging trends into molecular and nutritional regulation of lipid metabolism, including responses to dietary lipid manipulation, novel ingredients and hepatobiliary challenge. Limitations, research gaps and priorities are identified to support sustainable intensification, feed formulation and health management in Channidae aquaculture.
Snakehead fish, Protein content, Lipid content, Molecular regulation, Aquaculture practices, Channidae
A Study On The Relationship Between Corporate Governance And Market-Based Financial Performance
Corporate governance is a fundamental mechanism that ensures accountability, transparency, and ethical management in organizations. This study examines the relationship between corporate governance practices and market-based financial performance. Using a descriptive research design based on secondary data, the study explores how governance variables such as board structure, ownership patterns, and disclosure practices influence market-based indicators like stock returns, market capitalization, and firm value. The findings reveal that effective corporate governance enhances investor confidence, reduces risk, and positively impacts market valuation. The study concludes that strong governance frameworks are essential for sustainable financial performance in competitive markets.
Corporate Governance, Market-Based Performance, Stock Returns, Firm Value, Transparency, Investor Confidence
Higher Education Affects Opinions On The Adoption Of International Financial Reporting Standards In India
The research identified seven variables that contribute to the delay in IFRS adoption in India after data analysis using factor testing. statistical methods according to IFRS and Indian GAAP, we discovered a difference in profitability; nevertheless, this difference is not statistically significant, and in most situations, we are able to satisfy the null hypothesis. Profitability metrics vary, even if statistical methods support the null hypothesis. Even if the percentage difference is small, these variations are significant. As a result of the convergence process, private sector and financial sector enterprises are being hit particularly hard. There are certain areas where Indian accounting standards, IFRS, and Ind AS diverge. Ind AS is the IFRS converged form used in India. Aside from a few of things, the table of differences reveals that almost all provisions are identical to IFRS. Comparing IFRS with Indian GAAP reveals some significant differences.
Adoption, Education, International Financial Reporting Standards, Indian GAAP, Opinions
Dispute Resolution of Marine Jurisdiction of Fishing Industry: An Issue of Economic and Social Concerned
With the richest riverine fish gene pools, a network of hundreds of rivers, estuaries, oxbows, and flood plains, India is the second-largest fish producer in the world. Products from the fishing industry are a great source of protein and other necessary micronutrients for a healthy diet. Notably, the supply of fish food is expanding responsibly every year (with an average growth rate of 3.2% per year) because to the expansion in fish production as well as the strong and balanced distribution channel. So, the idea of recreational fishing, which involves lots of people, is expanding into a substantial industry in terms of the number of practitioners and social and economic significance. The fishing business faces numerous problems with regard to its marine jurisdiction, whether local, national, or international, and this poses a significant challenge to the sector. The main issue is inefficient administration, which leads to considerable confusion and encourages over-exploitation of marine species. Additionally, small boats are contributing to open access, common property situations that offer strong incentives for immediate exploitation. Small boats are also causing overfishing in fisheries around the world, and "small scale" fleets can be major competitors in international trade. Fishers have poorly defined and unenforced use rights for fish. Similarly, the present legal and administrative policies are only serving partially progressive marine life management which is creating challenges for fisheries management. It is proposed that fisheries management needs to be strengthened, particularly the inshore waters, further, an evaluation of the domestic and international best practices for fisheries management and coastal life should be done.
Fishing Industry, Marine Fishing Management, Marine Jurisdiction, Fishery Products
A Comprehensive Guide For Awareness, Clinical Application & Research Perspective Of Moringa Olifera Mother Tincture
In recent years, lifestyle-related disorders such as obesity, chronic fatigue, nutritional deficiency, and low immunity have increased significantly. Homoeopathy, known for its holistic and individualized approach, not only provides constitutional treatment but also offers supportive remedies that enhance overall vitality and metabolic balance.One such emerging remedy is Moringa oleifera Mother Tincture (Q), which is gaining popularity due to its rich nutritional profile and wide therapeutic applications (1).
Coeliac Disease: History, Pathophysiology, And Psychosomatic Dimensions
Coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. First described by Aretaeus of Cappadocia in the 2nd century AD and later scientifically defined by Samuel Gee in 1888, its pathogenesis was clarified in the 1940s when Willem-Karel Dicke identified wheat as the causative agent. The disease is characterized by villous atrophy, malabsorption, and systemic complications, with a global prevalence of approximately 1%. Beyond its gastrointestinal manifestations, coeliac disease has significant psychosomatic and psychiatric dimensions, including associations with depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, and social isolation. While the gluten-free diet remains the cornerstone of management, alternative medicine approaches—such as homeopathy, Ayurveda, naturopathy, and mind-body interventions—have been explored for supportive care, though evidence remains limited. This article reviews the historical evolution, pathophysiology, psychosomatic relations, and complementary medicine perspectives on coeliac disease, highlighting its multidimensional impact on health and quality of life.
Physicochemical Parameters And Phytoremediation Of Water Samples Of Laxmitaal Jhansi
Water being the source of life is vital for all known forms of life. It is an excellent solvent used for all purposes of life like drinking, cooking, agriculture, industries etc and so its availability is decreasing. For the limited resource availability, reuse of the available supply is more suggestible. To maintain this, pollution factors in water bodies should be on regular check and if pollution exceeds it should be remediated. Many physical and chemical technologies prevail for remediation of water, but Phytoremediation is the best technique. This is a very eco-friendly technique which decontaminates the wastewater in a very economical way. The present study emphasise on Physico-chemical parameters measurement and heavy metal detection in LaxmiTaal, a local water body in Jhansi city of Uttar Pradesh. Physicochemical parameters like pH, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride content, total dissolved solids, BOD, DO and COD are measured every six months to observe the seasonal variations. Phytoremediation efficiency of Eichhornia and Hydrilla is examined by treating contaminated water of Laxmi Taal. The results revealed that many of the physicochemical parameters of Laxmi Taal water were in the range of pollution but after phytoremediation water quality is enhanced as the parameters towards pollution were greatly reduced.
Physico-chemical parameters, phytoremediation, Eichhornia, Hydrilla.
Comparative Analysis Of Mortality Patterns Associated With Plasmodium Falciparum And Plasmodium Vivax In A Hyperendemic Region Of Bihar, India
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax co-exist with Malaria in regions of India that are hyperendemic, imposing a high mortality burden and having a dissimilar impact on the severe disease outcomes. The proposed study has made a comparative evaluation of the patterns of species-specific mortality in the selected hyperendemic districts of Bihar using retrospective observational cohort design on the basis of regularly collected clinical and surveillance data. One thousand two hundred and eighty-four laboratory confirmed cases of malaria were studied comprising 742 cases of P. falciparum and 542 cases of P. vivax. Mortality was observed to be more in P. falciparum (8.2% than in P. vivax (3.3%), where death cases were at both ends of the age and mainly among patients who presented with diabetes complications. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that P. falciparum infection on its own was a significant predictor of death following the factors of age, sex, and severity of disease but IVs at presentation were shown to be the most significant factor of death. Even if the death rate related to P. vivax was less in absolute terms, the fact that fatal consequences did occur highlighted the fact that vivax malaria is not always benign when it comes to hyperendemic areas with limited resources. The observation shows the significance of species based risk stratification, early diagnosis, and prompt referral of severe malaria in order to minimize death caused by malaria in endemic countries like Bihar, India.
Malaria mortality; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; hyperendemic region; disease severity; Bihar, India
Socioeconomic Determinants Of Malaria Morbidity And Mortality In Endemic Regions Of Bihar, India
Malaria is a major public health issue in some of the flood prone and rural districts of Bihar, India, where socioeconomic vulnerability is a factor in perpetrating infections and avoidable deaths. The current research paper focuses on the association between malaria morbidity and mortality with socioeconomic factors in the selected endemic areas in the state of Bihar. It is a cross-sectional survey of a community-based survey, with 200 adult respondents sampled by 4 high-risk districts, namely, Purnia, Katihar, Araria and Kishanganj. The main data will be gathered using a structured questionnaire of education, income, occupation, housing condition, preventive habits and treatment seeking behaviour. Data analysis is done using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis. The results indicate that low-income and illiterate respondents, daily wage laborers, and people living in kutcha houses with no mosquito nets will be more inclined to malaria. Higher morbidity and mortality are noted in those respondents who postpone treatment or through informal health providers, but prompt treatment in formal health care facilities lowers mortality. Logistic regression results in delayed treatment, lack of mosquito nets, illiteracy and distance to health facilities are the factors to predict malaria deaths (p < 0.05). The research finds malaria in Bihar to be directly related to poverty and the lack of access to healthcare pointing at the necessity of combined prevention and healthcare actions.
Malaria, Socioeconomic Status, Morbidity, Mortality, Bihar, Public Health Inequality.
Morbidity And Mortality Trends Associated With Plasmodium Falciparum And Plasmodium Vivax Infections In Rural Bihar: A District-Level Case Study Of Madhepura
Malaria is one of the ongoing challenges of the Indian public health that is mainly spread in rural and resource-limited areas where environmental and socio-economic determinants of disease transmission are coupled with healthcare accessibility. Due to its frequent seasonal floods, infrastructural constraints, and socio-economic disadvantage, Bihar has remained the victim of malaria-related health challenges. The current paper will review the morbidity and mortality with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in the Madhepura district of rural Bihar. The research is aimed at species-specific disease burden, demographic distribution, clinical severity patterns, and mortality outcomes. The results show that there are significant differences between the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the two species of the parasites. Although Plasmodium vivax makes a greater percentage of cases of reported malaria, Plasmodium falciparum is linked with heightened clinical severity and with an excessively elevated mortality risk. The findings highlight the significance of species-specific diagnostic plans, therapeutic interventions, and enhanced surveillance systems in rural healthcare facilities. The research adds to the localized knowledge regarding the dynamics of malaria and provides the insights into the specific public health interventions focused on the reduction of malaria-related morbidity and mortality.
Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Morbidity, Mortality, Rural Health, Bihar, Madhepura, Infectious Diseases, Public Health.
Influence Of Seasonal Variability On Malaria Incidence And Clinical Outcomes: Evidence From Madhepura District, Bihar
Malaria is a critical social health problem in flood-prone rural areas where the variability in climatic conditions affects the relationship of malaria transmission. This paper determined the effects of seasonal variability on malaria cases and clinical outcomes in Madhepura District, Bihar, by conducting a retrospective cohort analysis on 100 laboratory-confirmed cases of malaria reported in 2012. To study the trend of variations of disease occurrence and severity over time, it was divided into four seasons of the year. The outcomes revealed that there was clear seasonal pattern whereby the highest incidence was recorded during the monsoon season, and then the post-monsoon season and the lowest incidence occurred in winter. Patterns of cases monthly showed a slow increasing trend in the pre-monsoon months, which reached its maximum during peak rainfall. The most vulnerable group was adults between the ages of 15 and 49 years and children were also susceptible to a great extent. The severity of the clinical conditions, such as severe anemia, high parasitemia, and an extended stay in the hospital, were more intense in high seasons of transmission. The results emphasize the fact that malaria incidence and clinical results are highly dependent on such climatic conditions as rainfall, humidity, and temperature. The study highlights the importance of season-sensitive, climate-sensitive malaria control measures to help to minimise disease burden in flood-prone endemic districts.
Malaria, Seasonal Variability, Clinical Outcomes, Climate Factors, Bihar
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Government Malaria Control Programs in Reducing Plasmodium-Related Mortality: A Retrospective Study in Madhepura District, Bihar
Malaria is also a major public health issue in India especially in the rural and flood prone areas where ecological as well as socio-economic parameters favor perpetuated transmission. The study was a retrospective study which assessed the effectiveness of the government malaria control programs in reducing the Plasmodium related mortality in Madhepura district, Bihar, in the period 2005-2012, based on secondary data available as district health records, the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, as well as published reports. The descriptive analysis of trends of malaria incidence, mortality, the proportion of cases caused by Plasmodium species, seasonal trends, deaths by age, and coverage of interventions revealed the presence of the persistent transmission and a significant decrease in malaria-related deaths and the proportion of death among cases. Fatalities were more than fifty percent and at the same time the access to early stages of diagnosis and artemisinin-based combination therapy improved as well as the leading role of plasmodium falciparum gradually faded away. The cases of malaria were highly observed during the monsoon season and more deaths were found in children below five years of age and adults between the age of 15-49 years. Altogether, the results suggest that governmental malaria control interventions were efficient in terms of decreasing the number of deaths caused by malaria in the district, whereas the unstopped malaria transmission, seasons of its peak, and demographic factors support the idea that the local, combined, and adapted approach to malaria control is necessary.
Malaria control programs; Plasmodium-related mortality; Case fatality rate; Seasonal transmission; Plasmodium falciparum; Madhepura district; Bihar; Retrospective study
Exploration of Belligerent Environments in the selected fictions of Amitav Ghosh: An Eco-critical Discourse
Eco-criticism is a branch of literary scholarship that finds tangible connections between the environment and literature. The environmental problem is one of the most prominent issues of current generation. Climate crisis stands as a sole factor in the environment in view of ecological imbalance. This is an ever increasingly presence in our daily lives. The prominent causes of climate change are an increase of greenhouse gasses, deforestation to develop human settlements, excessive use of fossil fuels and so on. The Sundarbans is the world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest. It is internationally recognized for its unique biodiversity and ecological importance. Ecosystem impacts Climate change has already affected the Sundarbans significantly in terms of sea-level rise and resulting salinization of water and soil. In The Hungry Tide, Jungle Nama and Gun Island, Ghosh’s concerns about the existential crisis that may occur due to such negligence are depicted. Besides, natural calamities, pandemics can also paralyze the world which can occur due to ecological imbalance. He believes that only by caring for and loving other people, humanity will be able to care for and protect mother earth. In this paper, I would like highlight on eco-critical issues reflected in Sundarbans by focusing on the aforesaid works of Amitav Ghosh.
Environment, Literature, Climate Crisis, Fossil fuels, existential Crisis., Ecological Imbalance, biodiversity, Calamities
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
An Integrative Review Of Coeliac Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, And Scope Of Homoeopathic Management
Background: Coeliac disease is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, leading to small intestinal damage and systemic manifestations. Objective: To review the current understanding of coeliac disease and explore the potential role of homoeopathy as an adjunctive therapeutic approach. Methods: A narrative review of literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar focusing on studies published between 2015–2025. Results: Coeliac disease affects approximately 1% of the global population and is characterized by villous atrophy, malabsorption, and diverse clinical manifestations. While a strict gluten-free diet remains the cornerstone of management, a subset of patients continues to experience persistent symptoms. Homoeopathy, based on individualization and holistic principles, may offer supportive management in such cases. Conclusion: Homoeopathy may play a complementary role in improving quality of life and symptom control in coeliac disease; however, further clinical trials are required to establish its efficacy.
Coeliac disease; Gluten intolerance; Autoimmune disorder; Homoeopathy; Malabsorption; Integrative medicine
Obesity: Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications, And Scope Of Homoeopathic Management – An Integrative Review
Background: Obesity is a global health concern characterized by excessive fat accumulation and associated with multiple comorbidities (1). Objective: To review the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of obesity, and explore the role of homoeopathy as a complementary therapeutic approach. Methods: A narrative review of literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2015–2023). Results: Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors (2,3). Conventional management includes lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery (4). Homoeopathy, based on individualized treatment, may assist in managing associated symptoms and improving overall well-being. Conclusion: Homoeopathy may serve as an adjunct in obesity management; however, further clinical evidence is required.
Obesity; Body mass index; Metabolic syndrome; Homoeopathy; Repertory; Integrative medicine
Okra Gum as a Natural Biodegradable Polymer: Comparative Evaluation with Synthetic Polymers
The growing environmental concerns associated with non-biodegradable synthetic polymers have intensified the need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives in life sciences. In this study, okra gum, a natural polysaccharide extracted from Abelmoschus esculentus, was systematically evaluated as a biodegradable polymer and compared with commonly used synthetic polymers, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polylactic acid (PLA). The investigation encompassed physicochemical characterization, biodegradability, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and pharmaceutical applicability. The results demonstrated that okra gum exhibited significantly higher biodegradability (85 ± 3%) and swelling capacity (90 ± 4%) compared to synthetic polymers, indicating its superior hydrophilic and eco-friendly nature. Although synthetic polymers showed greater mechanical strength, okra gum provided adequate structural integrity for pharmaceutical applications. Tablet formulation studies further confirmed its effectiveness as a binder, producing tablets with desirable hardness, low friability, and sustained drug release (70 ± 3% over 12 hours). Drug release kinetics followed the Higuchi diffusion model, indicating controlled release behavior mediated by gel layer formation. Additionally, the study highlights the potential application of okra gum in buccal drug delivery systems, where its mucoadhesive and swelling properties facilitate prolonged drug residence time and enhanced bioavailability by bypassing first-pass metabolism. Overall, the findings establish okra gum as a promising, biocompatible, and sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers, with significant potential in controlled drug delivery and biomedical applications
Okra gum; Natural polymer; Biodegradable materials; Synthetic polymers; Drug delivery; Sustainable biomaterial
Morphology-Based Identification of Rotifers for Sustainable Aquaculture
Rotifers are microscopic zooplankton that play a crucial role as live feed in aquaculture, particularly during the early developmental stages of fish and crustaceans. Their small size, high nutritional value, ease of digestion, and rapid reproductive capacity make them an ideal food source for larvae, fry, and fingerlings. Accurate identification of rotifer species is essential for their effective utilization and for advancing ecological and taxonomic studies. Although molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding have gained importance, morphological identification remains a simple, cost-effective, and widely used approach. The present study focuses on the morphological classification and identification of rotifers belonging to the phylum Rotifera. Detailed taxonomic keys have been developed based on distinguishing morphological features including body shape, lorica structure, corona, mastax, and trophi types. The classification hierarchy comprises major groups including Monogononta and Bdelloidea, along with their respective orders, families, genera, and species. Identification keys are provided for several important taxa, including genera such as Brachionus, Keratella, Lecane, Trichocerca, and Asplanchna. This work serves as a comprehensive guide for the identification of rotifer species using morphological characteristics, which can facilitate taxonomic studies, biodiversity assessments, and aquaculture practices.
Zooplankton, Aquaculture, Brachionus, Lorica, Trophi.
Importance Of Pathya & Apathya According To Ayurveda With Reference To Present Era
Diseases are caused due to incompatibility between the person and the aahara, vihara and kala ( season) he enjoys. Therefore to alleviate the diseases or the doshas Pathya and Apathyas are advocated by Ayurveda (do’s and don’ts). These should be planned accordingly to the individual person and with reference to Aahara, Vihara (daily routine work), kala and the manas or satwa of the particular person. This planning should be based upon the amshamsha kalpana of the disease based on the dosha, dooshya, kala and satwa.
Pathya, Apathya, dosha, dooshya, kala, satwa, aahara, vihara.
“Human Gut Microbiota and Ayurveda: A Conceptual Study”
Background and objectives: The term gut microbiota, gut microbiome or gut flora refer to thr community of micro-organisms such as bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses that reside in the digestive systems of animals. In Ayurveda, Agni (digestive fire) is central to health, facilitating digestion, absorption, and assimilation of nutrients. Impairment of Agni (Agni Dusti) leads to the formation of Ama (toxic by-products), a key factor in disease. Modern science recognizes the gut microflora’s(microbiota) role in digestion, metabolism, and immune modulation. This paper explores the interference of gut microflora in Agni Dusti and Ama formation, integrating Ayurvedic concepts with contemporary biomedical insights. Materials and Methods: Review of classical Ayurvedic texts explaining Agni, Agni Dusti, and Ama. Analysis of modern research on gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and digestive health. “Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita were analyzed along with articles based on modern gut microbiome studies.” Results: Ama symptoms like fatigue, coated tongue, and indigestion linked to microbial dysbiosis. Pro-inflammatory effects of Ama in Ayurveda compared to modern gut toxin effects. Discussion: Shodhana therapy, Samsarjana krama and Pathya–apathya according to various diseases plays a significant role not only in removing the endotoxins and disease as a whole but also helps to reestablish internal environment of intestine and microbiota thus help achieving health and longevity.
Ayurveda, gut microflora, Agni Dusti, Ama, Dysbiosis
Crab Diversity in Kapshi Lake, Akola District (M.S.)
This study investigates the diversity of crab species in Kapshi Lake, located in the Akola District of Maharashtra, India. Crabs are significant members of aquatic ecosystems, playing key roles in maintaining ecological balance. The research identifies four crab species from three families under the order Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae, Portunidae, and Crustacean, with the species Barytelphusa cunicularis from Gecarcinucidae being the most dominant. The study also examines the relationship between human settlements and crab diversity, revealing that freshwater crabs in proximity to human populations have fewer species compared to those in more isolated areas. The findings highlight the impacts of human activities, such as overharvesting and habitat destruction, on the local crab populations and their habitats. This baseline data will be useful for future research and the monitoring of anthropogenic effects on freshwater crab species in Kapshi Lake.
Crab Diversity, Kapshi Lake, Akola District, Freshwater Crabs, Human Impact, Biodiversity Monitoring, Crustaceans, Gecarcinucidae, Portunidae, Environmental Conservation.