Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) ISSN: 2368-7487 Published By : Writerr Publication The Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to the publication of original research, reviews, and short communications in the fields of fisheries and aquaculture. The journal provides a platform for advancements in aquatic sciences, covering areas such as aquatic ecosystems, aquaculture practices, fish health, nutrition, environmental impacts, fish processing, and the socio-economic aspects of fisheries. Submissions must be original, unpublished work. All articles undergo a double-blind peer review process, evaluated by expert reviewers, with final decisions made by the editorial board. Accepted articles are published online and made freely accessible to the global scientific community.
Changing Scenario in Coastal Economy of Purba Medinipur in 21st Century: A Special reference to Fisheries and Tourism
The East Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal features a coastline stretching 65.5 kilometers. Despite the coastline undergoing various geographical shifts over time, the local population has long utilized this coastal zone as a vital source of livelihood. Since ancient times, places such as Tamralipta, Hijli, Banja, Khejuri, and Haldia have served as hubs for maritime trade; Junput, Shaula, Jaldha, Shankarpur, and Digha have functioned as centers for marine fisheries; and places like Junput, Mandarmani, Tajpur, Shankarpur, and Digha have developed into tourism destinations—collectively creating an economic landscape that has secured the lives and livelihoods of countless people. This research paper aims to examine the evolving nature of this coastal economy in light of historical evidence.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Taxonomy, Systematics, and Host Associations of Parasitic Copepods Infecting Marine Fishes of the Bay of Bengal off Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
The taxonomy and systematics of parasitic copepods remain essential for understanding host–parasite relationships, biodiversity, parasite evolution, and biogeographical distribution. Integrative taxonomic approaches combining detailed morphological investigations with molecular phylogenetic analyses have significantly improved species delimitation and clarified evolutionary relationships within several copepod lineages. Nevertheless, many regions of the Indo-Pacific, including the Bay of Bengal along the east coast of India, remain inadequately explored, and numerous copepod taxa associated with marine fishes are yet to be documented. The Visakhapatnam coast, situated along the western Bay of Bengal, supports a rich diversity of marine fishes that provide suitable hosts for numerous parasitic copepods. Despite its ecological and fisheries importance, comprehensive taxonomic investigations of parasitic copepods from this region remain limited. Therefore, systematic studies integrating classical morphology with contemporary taxonomic concepts are essential for documenting copepod diversity, host associations, geographical distribution, and their potential impact on marine fish health and fisheries resources.
Comparative Study Of Moisture Content In Some Commercially Important Food Fishes Of The Kashmir Valley
Fish is considered one of the best sources of animal protein among food animals because of its high nutritional value and palatability. Owing to its importance as a food commodity, the assessment of the biochemical composition of different fish species, sizes, body regions, and their variations is of considerable significance. The present study aimed to comparatively assess the moisture content of six commercially important food fishes of the Kashmir Valley. Live specimens were collected during the early morning hours in collaboration with local fishermen and transported to the Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir. The length and weight of each fish were recorded prior to processing. The fishes were then dissected, and the internal organs, head, and other non-edible portions were removed. Samples were collected from different body regions, including anterior dorsal (AD) and anterior ventral (AV) regions, for the estimation of moisture content. Among the samples analysed, the highest moisture content was recorded in Schizothorax plagiostomus, with the anterior ventral (AV) region showing a value of 82.44%, whereas the lowest moisture content was recorded in Schizothorax esocinus, with a value of 74.23% in the anterior dorsal (AD) region. Overall, ventral samples exhibited slightly higher moisture content than dorsal samples in both species. The findings demonstrate variation in moisture composition among fish species and body regions, which may have implications for their nutritional quality and food value.
A comparative study of some selected members of the family Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae with special emphasis on Pollen morphology
The present study aims to compare some selected members of Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae by giving special emphasis on their pollen morphology. The different taxa under investigation were Vitex negundo L., Clerodendron infortunatum L., Duranta plumieri Jacq., Lantana camara L., Leucas aspera Spreng., Plectranthus scutellarioides L. and Ocimum sanctum L. Pollen morphological analysis was done using Scanning Electron Micrographs. Although these families show some similarities, they differ in many features such as phyllotaxy, inflorescence type, style, aperture number and type of pollen.
Financial Inclusion and Livelihood Development of Small-Scale Fishermen: A Systematic Literature Review
Financial inclusion is an effective tool to enhance livelihoods of the marginalized including small-scale fishermen families that are vital for ensuring food security, employment and rural upliftment. Despite their vital contribution to the nation’s economy, small scale fishery sector practitioners have limited access to formal financial services, banking facilities, credit, savings, insurance, digital finance and mobile banking which dilutes livelihood opportunities. This paper explores the impact of financial inclusion on livelihood development among smallscale fishermen through a systematic review of literature. Peer-reviewed articles from Google scholar, Scopus, Elsevier, Science Direct, Proccia, Taylor and Francis, Business Source and Emerald were selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on thematic analysis, most of the studies identified correlated financial inclusion with enhancement of income and savings, asset base, fishing investment, financial resilience and poverty alleviation during the period 2000-2020. The paper establishes that inadequate financial literacy, lack of collateral, seasonal income/inflows, shallow financial infrastructure, high transaction costs, informal sources of borrowing and basic banking services limit access to formal finance for poor fishing households. It concludes that empowering fisheries by improving inclusive finance policy, increasing digital financial services, improving the financial literacy, promoting fisheries specific financial services, encouraging the use of mobile technology and designing other fisheries specific financial products can thus provide more sustainable livelihoods to small scale fishermen. It highlights research knowledge gaps and makes recommendations for future research and policy formulation for sustainable fisheries.
Homoeopathic Approach to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review of Commonly Considered Remedies and Their Traditional Indications
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a combination of reproductive, hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, including menstrual irregularity, ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and, in some women, polycystic ovarian morphology. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous and may include infertility, acne, hirsutism, weight gain and metabolic disturbances.¹,² Conventional management is individualized according to the patient's symptoms, metabolic risk and reproductive goals. In homoeopathic practice, treatment is similarly individualized and is based on the totality of characteristic symptoms rather than the diagnostic label alone. This review discusses commonly considered homoeopathic remedies in patients presenting with PCOS-related complaints, particularly Natrum muriaticum, Pulsatilla, Sepia and Lycopodium, along with Calcarea carbonica, Graphites, Apis mellifica and Thuja occidentalis. Their traditional materia medica indications are reviewed in relation to menstrual irregularities, ovarian complaints, constitutional features and associated symptoms. The article also discusses the distinction between traditional homoeopathic indications and evidence-based claims regarding PCOS treatment. Available clinical evidence for homoeopathy in PCOS remains limited, and further adequately designed clinical trials are required.
Factors Influencing The Utilization Of Central Government Welfare Schemes: An Empirical Study
Central Government Welfare Schemes play an essential role in improving the socio-economic conditions of disadvantaged communities. Despite the availability of numerous welfare schemes, the level of utilization varies considerably among beneficiaries. This study investigates the factors influencing the utilization of Central Government Welfare Schemes. Primary data were collected from 350 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Reliability, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were employed using SPSS and AMOS. The study identified five major determinants affecting utilization: Awareness, Accessibility, Administrative Support, Digital Literacy, and Socio-economic Status. The findings indicate that Awareness and Administrative Support significantly influence utilization, while Digital Literacy plays an important mediating role. The study provides policy recommendations to improve awareness campaigns, simplify administrative procedures, and strengthen digital inclusion initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Integrative Analysis of Metabolic, Physiological, and Morphometric Traits in Wild and Cultured Cyprinus carpio: Insights into Adaptive Divergence and Energy Allocation
The common carp, Cyprinus carpio, represents one of the most ecologically and economically significant freshwater fish species worldwide, exhibiting remarkable phenotypic plasticity that enables it to thrive in diverse environmental conditions. Understanding the interplay between metabolic, physiological, and morphometric traits in both wild and cultured populations of C. carpio is critical for elucidating mechanisms of adaptive divergence, energy allocation, and ecological resilience. In this study, an integrative approach was employed, encompassing a detailed examination of metabolic rates—including routine metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope, and oxygen consumption efficiency—to quantify energy expenditure, energy budgeting, and metabolic flexibility in varying environmental contexts. Physiological traits were systematically assessed, including hematological indices such as hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit levels, red and white blood cell counts, plasma protein profiles, enzymatic activity related to oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), and stress biomarkers including cortisol and lactate levels. These measures provided insight into the health status, stress tolerance, and adaptive capacity of populations subjected to natural vs. aquaculture conditions. Morphometric analyses included standard length, body depth, fin morphometrics, body mass, and condition factor calculations, combined with geometric morphometric approaches to capture shape variation, allometric growth patterns, and structural adaptations related to locomotion, foraging efficiency, and predator avoidance. Comparative analysis revealed that cultured carp exhibited elevated growth rates, increased somatic mass, and energy allocation patterns favoring anabolic processes, whereas wild populations demonstrated traits consistent with enhanced environmental responsiveness, efficient energy budgeting under fluctuating resource availability, and structural adaptations promoting survival in heterogeneous habitats. Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA), highlighted strong interdependencies among metabolic, physiological, and morphometric traits, demonstrating how energy allocation strategies are modulated in response to both intrinsic genetic factors and extrinsic environmental pressures. Notably, correlations between aerobic capacity and morphometric shape indices suggest adaptive trade-offs between growth optimization in cultured populations and resilience to environmental stressors in wild populations. These findings underscore the importance of integrative, multi-trait assessments for understanding the evolutionary ecology of C. carpio, offering practical insights for selective breeding programs aimed at optimizing growth, health, and resilience in aquaculture while preserving genetic and phenotypic diversity in wild populations. This comprehensive study establishes a framework for linking energy metabolism, physiological function, and morphological variation to adaptive divergence, providing a foundation for future research on phenotypic plasticity, resource allocation strategies, and ecological adaptation in freshwater teleosts. Ultimately, the integration of metabolic, physiological, and morphometric data allows for a nuanced understanding of how wild and cultured carp populations balance energy investment between growth, maintenance, and survival in response to environmental and anthropogenic pressures, offering a roadmap for sustainable aquaculture development and biodiversity conservation.
Covid-19’S Effect On Consumer Behaviour Towards Cloud Kitchens In Thoothukudi District
The present study examined the impact of changing consumer behaviour on adoption, acceptance and sustainability of cloud kitchens in the Thoothukudi District of Tamil Nadu. The research is based on a descriptive research design, primary data was collected from a sample of online food consumers in major hubs of the district through structured questionnaires, secondary data by relevant academic journals and market reports. We have used statistical tools like descriptive statistics and factor analysis to measure the consumer awareness, purchase intentions and post purchase satisfaction. the research shows that although tech-savvy younger groups are receptive to trying global foods, regional comfort foods and local coastal flavours still have the power to generate repeat customers and high-volume orders.
Maritime Security in Indo-Pacific: International Law, Great Power Competition and Future of Regional Order
Indo Pacific has become the main geopolitical and geo-economic arena of twenty first century, connecting two oceans, Pacific and Indian Oceans, with some of world's most strategic sea-lanes. This area is responsible for about two-thirds of all global sea-borne trade and for a significant amount of all energy-related shipping to and from the world. Maritime security is therefore a key regional and extra-regional issue for both. Meanwhile, strategic competition between big powers such as US and China has escalated tensions over maritime sovereignty, freedom of navigation, military presence and interpretation of international law. Legal norms and strategic competition in Indo-Pacific have converged in a new legal triangle of institutional arrangements, which has made it a hotspot. This article examines relationship between maritime security, international law and great power competition in shaping future regional order in Indo-Pacific. It critically evaluates legal framework established under United Nations Convention on Law of Sea (UNCLOS) (1982), while assessing effectiveness of international legal mechanisms in addressing contemporary maritime disputes and further explores strategic roles of various countries alongside emerging security arrangements such as Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) and AUKUS. Employing a qualitative doctrinal and analytical research methodology, this research synthesizes international legal instruments, judicial decisions, scholarly literature and contemporary policy documents to evaluate evolving patterns of maritime governance.
Cyber Warfare and International Law: Rethinking State Responsibility in the Digital Age
Cyber warfare has emerged as one of the most significant security challenges of the twenty-first century, transforming cyberspace into a strategic domain of international conflict. Unlike conventional warfare, cyber operations involve anonymous actors, transnational networks, and advanced technologies that complicate attribution, accountability and enforcement. These developments challenge traditional principles of state responsibility as many cyber operations remain below threshold of armed attack while causing substantial political, economic, and social harm. This article critically examines applicability of international law to cyber warfare, focusing on state responsibility under United Nations Charter, customary international law, the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA), International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law. Using a qualitative doctrinal and comparative methodology, it analyzes major cyber incidents, including Estonia attacks (2007), Stuxnet (2010) and SolarWinds (2020). The study argues that although existing international law provides a basic framework for regulating state conduct in cyberspace, important legal and institutional gaps persist. It concludes by recommending stronger international cooperation, improved attribution mechanisms, clearer state obligations and development of a more coherent legal regime capable of addressing the evolving challenges posed by cyber warfare in an increasingly interconnected and multipolar international system.
Psychodynamics Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Understanding The Mind–Body Connection In Infertility And The Role Of Homoeopathy
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder with significant reproductive and psychological consequences. While biological mechanisms such as hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and chronic anovulation are well established, psychodynamic theory provides insight into how unconscious emotional conflicts, stress, and coping behaviours influence illness perception and quality of life. This article integrates psychoneuroendocrinology and psychodynamic perspectives to explain the mind–body connection in PCOS, highlights the vicious cycle of infertility and emotional distress, and discusses the complementary role of homoeopathy within a biopsychosocial model of care.
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) as a Phytogenic Feed Additive in Aquaculture: Effects on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Immunity, and Disease Resistance
Intensive aquaculture systems have increased production but also raised concerns about disease pressure, stress, and the consequences of prolonged antibiotic and synthetic growth-promoter use. Plant-based feed additives offer one practical route toward more sustainable practices. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), long valued in traditional medicine and cuisine, contains citral and related compounds that display antimicrobial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity. This review draws together experimental findings published up to 2022 on the dietary use of lemongrass leaf powder, aqueous extracts and essential oil in cultured fish. Across tilapia, African catfish and tambaqui, moderate inclusion levels have frequently improved weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion, while supporting selected haematological and innate-immune parameters and, in several challenge trials, reducing mortality after bacterial infection. Effective doses generally fall in the range of 0.25–0.50 ml kg⁻¹ for essential oil and 2–10 g kg⁻¹ for leaf powder, although species and product form influence the optimum. Safety appears acceptable within the tested ranges. Remaining gaps include longer-term commercial trials, wider species coverage and clearer mechanistic understanding. Overall, the pre-2023 literature indicates that lemongrass is a low-cost candidate phytogenic additive capable of contributing to growth, health and reduced reliance on conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
Indigenous Village Administration Among The Pachamalai Hills Tribes: A Historical Study
The indigenous system of village administration among the Pachamalai Hills tribes represents a distinctive form of traditional governance that evolved through centuries of interaction with the natural environment and community-based social organization. The Malayali tribes inhabiting the Pachamalai Hills developed an administrative structure founded on customary laws, collective decision-making, and the authority of respected village elders. Unlike formal administrative institutions established during the colonial and post-colonial periods, indigenous governance functioned through consensus, kinship relations, and unwritten customary practices that regulated social, economic, and religious life. Village assemblies played a significant role in resolving disputes, maintaining social harmony, managing common resources, organizing religious ceremonies, and preserving community traditions. The British colonial administration gradually introduced forest regulations and revenue policies that altered traditional governance by reducing the autonomy of tribal institutions. After Independence, constitutional provisions, Panchayati Raj institutions, and tribal welfare programmes further transformed indigenous administration while expanding access to education, healthcare, and development initiatives. Despite these changes, several traditional administrative practices continue to survive, particularly in matters concerning customary law, cultural ceremonies, and community leadership. This study adopts a historical approach to examine the evolution, structure, and transformation of indigenous village administration among the Pachamalai Hills tribes. It argues that traditional governance systems remain valuable components of tribal heritage and continue to contribute to social cohesion, conflict resolution, and cultural continuity. Understanding these indigenous institutions is essential for designing development policies that respect tribal identity while promoting inclusive governance and sustainable rural development.
Pachamalai Hills, Malayali Tribes, Indigenous Administration, Tribal Governance, Village Council, Customary Law, Traditional Leadership, Tamil Nadu.
Narrating The Silenced: A Narratological Study Of Kavita Kane's Sita's Sister Queen
Contemporary Indian mythological fiction has emerged as a significant literary space for reinterpreting ancient epics through marginalized perspectives. Kavita Kane's Sita's Sister (2014) revisits the Ramayana through the voice of Urmila, the often-forgotten wife of Lakshman. Rather than presenting Urmila as a silent figure confined to the background of the epic, Kané reconstructs her as an emotionally and intellectually complex protagonist. This article examines the narrative techniques employed in Sita's Sister using Gérard Genette's narratological framework. It analyses the role of the disembodied narrator, internal focalization, narrative delay, flashback, diegesis, mimesis, and setting in shaping Urmila's psychological journey. The study argues that Kané's narrative strategy transforms the traditional epic into a feminist retelling by allowing the marginalized female voice to become the centre of narration. Through carefully structured narrative devices, the novel challenges patriarchal interpretations of the Ramayana and foregrounds female agency, emotional resilience, and identity.
Narratology, Gérard Genette, Internal Focalization, Mythological Retelling, and Feminist Narrative.
Biological Activity Of Crab Shell Mediated Silver Nanocomposites Against Bacteria Via Minimum Inhibition Concentration And DNA Fragmenatation In MCF 7
Crab shells represent an abundant source of chitosan, a biodegradable biopolymer with limited bioactivity in bulk form. To overcome this limitation, chitosan was converted into silver Nano composites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration and DNA fragmentation analysis of potential chitosan Nano composites derived from mud crab and sea crab shells. The minimum inhibitory activity was assessed against E. coli, a Gram-negative bacterium, using various concentrations to determine the microbial inhibition concentration. Further DNA fragmentation assay was carried out against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This study aims to develop eco-friendly chitosan-based Nano composites from marine waste for biomedical applications.
chitosan, Nano composites, Crab shell, Minimum inhibitory concentration, DNA fragmentation assay, MCF 7
A Study On The Role of Small-Scale Industries In Employment Generation In Thoothukudi District
Small-scaleindustries playasignificant rolein promoting economic development by generating employment opportunities, encouraging entrepreneurship, and supporting local communities. In India, these industries contribute substantially to income generation and provide livelihood opportunities, especially in semi-urban and rural areas. Thoothukudi District has a diverse range of small-scale industries, including manufacturing, fisheries-related activities, food processing, and other service-based enterprises, which contribute to the local economy. This study focuses on the role of small-scale industries in employment generation in Thoothukudi District. It examines the contribution of these industries in creating job opportunities, improving income levels, and supporting the socio-economic development of workers and entrepreneurs. The study also identifies the challenges faced by small-scale industries, such as financial constraints, technological limitations, market competition, and availability of skilled labour. The research is based on primary and secondary data collected from small-scale industry owners, employees, government reports, and relevant publications. The findings of the study aim to highlight the importance of small-scale industries in reducing unemployment and promoting sustainable economic growth in Thoothukudi District. The study provides suggestions for strengthening small-scale industries through better financial support, skill development programmes, and government policies to enhance their employment-generating capacity.
Small-scale industries; Employment generation; Entrepreneurship; Socio-economic development; Thoothukudi District.
Study of Intermolecular Interactions in (Ethanol+ n- Heptanol + Acrylonitrile) Ternary Mixture Through Thermo-acoustic and Excess Parameters at Different Temperatures
This research investigates the intermolecular interactions in the ternary liquid mixture of ethanol, n-heptanol, and acrylonitrile using thermo-acoustic parameters at 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15 K under atmospheric pressure. Ultrasonic velocity, viscosity, as well as density were experimentally measured over the entire composition range, and thermo-acoustic parameters like acoustic impedance, intermolecular free length, adiabatic compressibility, internal pressure, relaxation time, and free volume were evaluated using standard relations. The dip in ultrasonic density, velocity, along with acoustic impedance, together with the increase in intermolecular free length as well as adiabatic compressibility with rising ethanol concentration, indicates a gradual weakening of the self-associated hydrogen-bonded network of n-heptanol and reduced molecular packing. Rise in internal pressure and relaxation time proposes creation of heteromolecular associations through hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of ethanol and n-heptanol, along with dipole–dipole interactions involving the nitrile group of acrylonitrile. The observed variations demonstrate that the liquid structure is governed by the balance between the disruption of alcohol self-association and the formation of unlike molecular interactions. Increasing temperature weakens these interactions due to enhanced thermal agitation, resulting in reduced molecular association and structural ordering. The results confirm that thermo-acoustic parameters provide valuable insight in intermolecular interactions as well as structural behaviour of ethanol + n-heptanol + acrylonitrile ternary liquid system.
Ternary liquid mixture, Thermo-acoustic parameters, Intermolecular interactions, Ultrasonic velocity, Hydrogen bonding, Acrylonitrile
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Fatty Acid Profiles of Wild Anadara granosa (Blood Clam) and Farmed Penaeus vannamei (Shrimp) with Reference to Human Nutrition and Functional Health Benefits
This study presents a comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition in two economically important seafood species: the wild blood clam Anadara granosa collected from the east coast of India and the farmed Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei, collected from the culture ponds of India. Lipids were extracted and purified using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), followed by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 12 fatty acids were identified in A. granosa and 8 in P. vannamei, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. A. granosa exhibited significantly higher levels of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (C18:2) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), while P. vannamei was characterized by a greater proportion of oleic acid (C18:1), a monounsaturated fatty acid associated with cardiovascular health benefits. Statistical analysis revealed significant interspecies differences (p < 0.05) in several key fatty acids, notably in DHA (1.14% in A. granosa, absent in P. vannamei) and oleic acid (17.32% in P. vannamei). These findings highlight the nutritional superiority of A. granosa in terms of essential fatty acid content and support its potential as a cost-effective, health-promoting alternative to shrimp in human diets.
Fatty acid profile, Anadara granosa, Penaeus vannamei, GC-MS, omega-3, seafood nutrition.
Employment Opportunities and Skill Development in Marine Fisheries Sector under Viksit Bharat 2047
Indian fisheries sector is receiving increasing attention and policy support owing to the livelihood and foreign exchange potential of the sector apart from its nutritional significance. The Government of India has initiated Blue Revolution to augment the fish production and to strengthen the fish-based value chain. But unequipped manpower is often highlighted as one of the major deterrents for leveraging the full potential in harvest and post-harvest fisheries sector, which is highly skill intensive in nature. The issue would emerge more serious in case of marine fisheries. In this paper, we attempted to deliberate on the issue of skill-deficit that would emerge in harvest and post-harvest sectors of marine fisheries sector in India, and suggest measures to address them.
Fisheries, Human resource, IPRs, Skill, Value chain
Regional Differentials in the Socio-Demographic Status of Scheduled Tribes in North East and Mainland India
India is home to one of the largest indigenous populations in the world, officially recognized as Scheduled Tribes (STs), who constitute 104.28 million people (8.6%) of the country's population according to the Census of India (2011). Despite constitutional safeguards and affirmative development policies, substantial regional disparities persist in the socio-demographic status of tribal communities. The present study aims to comparatively examine the socio-demographic characteristics of tribal communities in North East and Mainland India, with particular emphasis on population distribution, education, employment, livelihood patterns, and overall developmental conditions. The study is based entirely on secondary data obtained from the Census of India (2011), National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21), National Sample Survey (NSS), Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), Ministry of Tribal Affairs, National Statistical Office (NSO), NITI Aayog, and other government reports and peer-reviewed literature. A comparative descriptive research design was adopted, and information was synthesized using thematic analysis and descriptive statistical techniques. The findings reveal that tribal communities in North East India generally exhibit more favourable socio-demographic outcomes than those in Mainland India. Several North Eastern states have tribal-majority populations with relatively higher literacy, better female education, lower school dropout rates, greater occupational diversification, stronger political representation, and comparatively better preservation of indigenous institutions and cultural identity. In contrast, tribal communities in many mainland states continue to experience lower educational attainment, greater dependence on agriculture and forest-based livelihoods, higher informal employment and seasonal migration, and persistent poverty, together with limited access to quality education and healthcare. These disparities are primarily shaped by differences in historical experiences, geographical settings, governance structures, institutional support, and developmental opportunities. The study concludes that tribal communities in India should not be treated as a homogeneous population and emphasizes the need for region-specific, culturally responsive, and evidence-based development policies to promote equitable human development, social justice, and sustainable tribal development in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Scheduled Tribes, North East India, Socio-demographic Disparities, Tribal Development, Inclusive Development
Cross-Cultural Ethno-medico-botany of the Kanikkars in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu with Various Tribal communities in Other States of India
This paper reports an ethno-medicinal survey that focused on the traditional medicinal plants used by the Kanikkars living in 26 villages of Petchiparai Panchayat (forest area) in Kalkulam Taluk of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India which allows for interesting cross-cultural ethnobotanical studies. The ethno-medicinal data were collected using semi-structured interviews and group discussions in which 252 (146 men and 106 women) informants in the age group between 20 and 60 participated. A total of 215 medicinal plant species distributed in 179 genera and 75 families were collected together with their medicinal uses. The ethno-medicinal uses disclosed by the Kanikkars were compared with the earlier studies on 5 tribal communities, namely the Bhillas in Maharastra, the Korkus in Madhya Pradesh, the Kuknas in Gujrat, the Madiyas in chattisgarh and the Meenas in Rajasthan.
Ethnobotany, Traditional Medicine, Ethnomedicine, Traditional Medicinal Plants, Tribal Communities, Kanikkars, Bhillas, Korkus, Kuknas, Madiyas, Meenas, Human ailments, Petchiparai, Kanyakumari
Application of Fractional Differential Equations in Electrical Circuits via Sumudu Transform
This paper presents fractional LC, RC and RL electrical circuits as separate cases. The current and charge over time are determined using the Sumudu transform method with emf taken as different types of functions. The results are then simulated using mathematical software.
Caputo fractional derivative, Caputo-Fabrizio, Atangana-Baleanu Caputo fractional derivative, Sumudu transform.
A Randomized single blind placebo controlled trial in management of cases of Knee Osteoarthritis by Individualized Homoeopathic medicine with aid of “Boenninghausen’s Characteristics & Repertory” by C.M. Boger.
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease which affects ability for sitting on the chair, standing, walking and climbing stairs and various other daily living activities of individual. Cyrus Maxwell Boger introduced the concept of pathological general, time modalities and tissue affinity in his repertory “Boenninghausen’s Characteristics and Repertory which is used in the study for selection of individualised homoeopathic medicines for management of knee osteoarthritis. Aim To assess the effectiveness of individualised homoeopathic medicine with the aid of Boenninghausen’s Characteristics and Repertory by C.M. Boger in management of knee OA. Objectives To assess the extent of improvement in patient receiving Indivisualised Homoeopathic medicines with physiotherapy by comparing pre and post treatment scores of Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS questionnaire as an outcome assessment scale within the group To assess the extent of improvement in patient receiving placebo with physiotherapy by comparing pre and post treatment scores of Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) questionnaire as an outcome assessment scale within the group. Methodology: It was 9 months Interventional, Single blind, Randomized placebo controlled study. Which was conducted on 65 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis using with KOS-ADLS Score diagnosed criteria at Out Patient Department (O.P.D) of Dr. Girendra Pal Homoeopathic Hospital, Research centre collegiate Hospital of Dr. M. P. K. Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Homoeopathy University, Saipura, Sanganer, Jaipur, Rajasthan. KOS-ADLS Score was used for pre and post treatment evaluation. Paired t test and independent test used for statistical analysis and the indivisualized homeopathic medicine given after repertoring from Boenninghausen’s Characteristics and Repertory. Result: 65 Patients completed the study, 5 Patients considered in drop out(n=35-5=30) as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study suggests that female patients were more prone to knee OA, of age group 35-45 years, among more in reported middle class socioeconomic status people and House wives were found to be the most affected group. Most of the patients found in urban population. Most commonly affected joint were B/L knee joints. Most patients found their daily activity was mostly affected in first motion with marked stiffness. Most frequently observed grade in x-ray are ‘GRADE-II. Most commonly prescribed medicines after repertorization were Rhus toxicodenron and Bryonia alba. The calculation of statistical analysis paired t test individualized Homoeopathic medicine with Physiotherapy, showed significant effect (difference of mean= -26.829 t(35) =-11.577, P<0.001 where negative mean difference indicate the higher value of the post scores which signifies greater improvement. Placebo and Physiotherapy, difference of mean= -2.333, t (30) =-4.215, P > .001 where negative mean difference indicate the higher value of the post scores which signifies greater improvement. Levene’s Test indicated that there is significant (P<.001) increase in Symptomatic domain of KOS-ADLS score in cases of knee osteoarthritis with Individualized Homoeopathic medicine with Physiotherapy (M= 55.7, S.D. = 11.238) than Placebo with Physiotherapy (M=31.93, S.D.= 5.471), t(65)= 11.107, P<.001 Conclusion: The findings of this study Out of the 35 cases of knee osteoarthritis in Group A (Individualized Homoeopathy medicine and Physiotherapy) 51.428% (n-18) showed mild improvement; 20% (n-7) showed moderate improvement and non-significant improvement; 2.857% (n-1) showed marked improvement; showed 5.7% (n-2) no improvement (status quo). Out of 30 cases of knee osteoarthritis in Group B (Placebo and Physiotherapy 76.666% (n-23) showed non-significant improvement; 20% (n-7) were aggravated; 16.666% (n-5). Hence, proved the significant utility of Individualised Homoeopathic medicine selected from Boenninghausen’s Characteristics & Repertory by C.M. Boger showed improvement in KOSADLS Score in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis.
Knee osteoarthritis, RCT study, Individualised Homoeopathic medicine, Placebo, Physiotherapy, KOS- ADLS questionnaire, Boenninghausen’s Characteristics & Repertory
History or Tragedy?: Reassessing Marlowe’s EDWARD II
Heavy metal contamination of wastewater is a significant environmental issue due to the toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential of metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Conventional treatment methods are often costly and generate secondary pollutants. Biochar derived from bamboo has emerged as a sustainable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for heavy metal remediation. Bamboo biochar possesses a highly porous structure, large specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and excellent adsorption capacity. This review summarizes the production, physicochemical properties, adsorption mechanisms, factors affecting adsorption, modification strategies, and recent applications of bamboo biochar for heavy metal removal from wastewater.
Bamboo biochar, Heavy metals, Wastewater treatment, Adsorption, Surface modification, Environmental remediation
Compensating The Innocent: A Critical Analysis Of The Regulatory Framework For Wrongful Prosecution
In this paper, the author has sought to critically analyse the regulatory framework in India that addresses compensation for victims of Wrongful Prosecution. The victims of Wrongful Prosecution are victimized in a variety of ways by the Indian criminal justice system, such that there are no provisions in the existing laws governing the grant of compensation to assist and support them. In the present situation, they are completely at the mercy of the State, society, and the courts. The currently available solutions are complex and insufficient, and the current state restitution processes are atrociously deficient. The development of the notion of welfare states reflects the need to compensate such innocent victims to a great extent. The paper analyses the international-level mechanism for the right of compensation. The role and the approach of the Supreme Court of India to grant compensation in cases involving false accusations, unjustified detention, and physical damage has been discussed. It also looks into the existing gaps in the relevant statutes. An important part of this paper is determining whether a statutory law or legal mechanism is required to provide victims of Wrongful Prosecution with prompt, efficient, and cost-effective justice. In conclusion, this paper highlights the many problems and difficulties associated with compensation in the Indian Legal system and offers recommendations to address the inadequate remedies available to those who have been wrongfully prosecuted. This paper highlights the urgent need for an effective statutory framework mandating compensation for victims of Wrongful Prosecution, alongside necessary amendments to the existing laws governing compensatory provisions.
Wrongful Prosecution, Victim Compensation, Justice, Sentence.
Determination of the Pollination Efficacy in Apis mellifera L. Colony Level on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
The series of trials were carried for this initiative at Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal (Pakistan) to examine the impact of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination efficacy on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) crop and discussed three main studies. i. Pollen transported by honey bees and foraging rate on cucurbit crops. For this purpose two bee colonies were placed in study plot. In both colonies the maximum no. of pollen load and maximum mean weight of pollen load 37% and 36 % obtained from early hours of the day from 10 am to 12 pm while study revealed that foraging activities of bees reduced after noon ii. Figuring out of substitute honeybee pollen sources on cucurbit crops revealed that ten distinct plant types, containing Cucumis sativus were recognized as main exploration basis for Apis mellifera. Out of these 10 fluorescent resources half were found to be crops plant and other half were weed plants. It has also been realized that when the most of the plants are in flowering, bee foraging activities are at their maximum (From the end of March. to start of May). Throughout this time, C. sativus was the most important bee forager in terms of pollen and nectar. iii. Impact of weather conditions on foraging rate of bees on cucurbits. This study revealed that in all significant pair-wise comparisons for March to July 2019, where A. mellifera visits to Cucumber flowers was found to be the greatest during the month of April and May 2019 and lowest in the month of June and July 2019. From April (22.45 oC) to July (30.25 oC) 2019, the cumulative increasing temperature was considerably higher at BARI, Chakwal, Pakistan, where the study was carried out.
Honeybee, Pollination, cucurbits, Seed quality, Forager, pollen, transport, weather impact.
Carnal Transgression and Spiritual Quest in John Updike’s Rabbit Angstrom: A Tetralsogy
This paper examines the complex intersection of physical transgression and metaphysical longing in John Updike’s Rabbit tetralogy Rabbit, Run; Rabbit Redux; Rabbit is Rich; Rabbit at Rest. It argues that Harry Rabbit Angstrom’s relentless, often destructive pursuit of carnal experience is not merely a symptom of moral failure or suburban boredom, but a misdirected spiritual quest for the numinous in a secularized post war America. Infused with Karl Barth’s neo orthodox theology and Søren Kierkegaard’s existential anxiety, Updike constructs Rabbit’s insatiable physical appetite as a clumsy, tragic search for grace. By analyzing the structural parallels between Rabbit’s sexual transgressions and his moments of existential crisis, this study demonstrates how the domestic and corporeal realities of the novels serve as the primary battlegrounds for spiritual survival. This present study contends that Updike uses the failing, aging body of his protagonist to illustrate the tragic paradox of the human condition the impossible desire to reconcile eternal spiritual longing with a finite, mortal anatomy.
Carnal Transgression, Spiritual Quest, American Realism, Existential Angst.
Excellance Of Ayurveda And Challenges In Revival Of Ayurveda: Demand Of Present Health Needs
Ayurveda is an ancient science for maintenance of health and cure of disease. It is explained in ‘sutra’ form and not explained in detailed descriptive manner. In 21st century, the science of Ayurveda is getting demanded and explored. This exploration needs proper understanding and execution. Understanding can be enhanced by utilization of basics of modern science. Basic science may, not only help to understand but also validate wisdom of Ayurveda. For example, lifestyle disorders are the result of wrong diet and regimen in day to day life, in context to time, place, age etc. It is described in Ayurveda in detail. It is described in Ayurveda, at various place like in the description of Dincharya, Ritucharya and many other places, that specific diet and regimen should be followed according to Prakriti, Kala, Desha, Vaya etc. to maintain the health. The health or healthy condition of body is also defined in Ayurveda in detailed manner. A very big and important part of this science is oriented towards prevention of disease by promoting health. Along with this many solutions are described, in the form of lifestyle, to resolve the problems of lifestyle disorders. There are so many other basic concepts are there, like above, in Ayurveda which need to be explored.
Maulik Siddhant, Contemporary science, Dincharya, Ritucharya, Panchkarma, Rasayan, Sadvritta, Dhatu, Dosha, Shaman, Samsodhan, Basti chikitsa
Characterization of the NarS/NarL and KdpD/KdpE Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Recombinant Protein Expression, Polyclonal Antibody Development, and Construction of Gene Knockout Vectors
Mycobacterium tuberculosis survives hostile host environments through two-component regulatory systems (TCSs), including the NarS/NarL and KdpD/KdpE pathways, which play important roles in environmental sensing and bacterial adaptation. This study aimed to characterize these signaling systems by expressing recombinant NarS, NarL, KdpD, and KdpE proteins in Escherichia coli. The proteins were purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and polyclonal antibodies against NarL and KdpE were generated in rabbits. Antibody specificity and titre were evaluated using ELISA and Western blotting. A suicide delivery vector was also constructed by cloning the downstream homologous region of the NarS/NarL genes into the p2NIL vector for targeted gene knockout in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The recombinant proteins and antibodies demonstrated high specificity and are suitable for functional studies. The constructed knockout vector provides a valuable tool for investigating gene function through homologous recombination. Overall, this study establishes important molecular resources for understanding bacterial stress adaptation, signal transduction, and virulence regulation in M. tuberculosis, thereby supporting future tuberculosis research and therapeutic target identification.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Two-component system; NarS/NarL; KdpD/KdpE; Signal transduction; Recombinant protein; ELISA; Western blot; Gene knockout; p2NIL vector.