Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) ISSN: 2368-7487 Published By : Writerr Publication The Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to the publication of original research, reviews, and short communications in the fields of fisheries and aquaculture. The journal provides a platform for advancements in aquatic sciences, covering areas such as aquatic ecosystems, aquaculture practices, fish health, nutrition, environmental impacts, fish processing, and the socio-economic aspects of fisheries. Submissions must be original, unpublished work. All articles undergo a double-blind peer review process, evaluated by expert reviewers, with final decisions made by the editorial board. Accepted articles are published online and made freely accessible to the global scientific community.
An Integrative Review Of Coeliac Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, And Scope Of Homoeopathic Management
Background: Coeliac disease is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, leading to small intestinal damage and systemic manifestations. Objective: To review the current understanding of coeliac disease and explore the potential role of homoeopathy as an adjunctive therapeutic approach. Methods: A narrative review of literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar focusing on studies published between 2015–2025. Results: Coeliac disease affects approximately 1% of the global population and is characterized by villous atrophy, malabsorption, and diverse clinical manifestations. While a strict gluten-free diet remains the cornerstone of management, a subset of patients continues to experience persistent symptoms. Homoeopathy, based on individualization and holistic principles, may offer supportive management in such cases. Conclusion: Homoeopathy may play a complementary role in improving quality of life and symptom control in coeliac disease; however, further clinical trials are required to establish its efficacy.
Coeliac disease; Gluten intolerance; Autoimmune disorder; Homoeopathy; Malabsorption; Integrative medicine
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Obesity: Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications, And Scope Of Homoeopathic Management – An Integrative Review
Background: Obesity is a global health concern characterized by excessive fat accumulation and associated with multiple comorbidities (1). Objective: To review the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of obesity, and explore the role of homoeopathy as a complementary therapeutic approach. Methods: A narrative review of literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2015–2023). Results: Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors (2,3). Conventional management includes lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery (4). Homoeopathy, based on individualized treatment, may assist in managing associated symptoms and improving overall well-being. Conclusion: Homoeopathy may serve as an adjunct in obesity management; however, further clinical evidence is required.
Obesity; Body mass index; Metabolic syndrome; Homoeopathy; Repertory; Integrative medicine
Okra Gum as a Natural Biodegradable Polymer: Comparative Evaluation with Synthetic Polymers
The growing environmental concerns associated with non-biodegradable synthetic polymers have intensified the need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives in life sciences. In this study, okra gum, a natural polysaccharide extracted from Abelmoschus esculentus, was systematically evaluated as a biodegradable polymer and compared with commonly used synthetic polymers, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polylactic acid (PLA). The investigation encompassed physicochemical characterization, biodegradability, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and pharmaceutical applicability. The results demonstrated that okra gum exhibited significantly higher biodegradability (85 ± 3%) and swelling capacity (90 ± 4%) compared to synthetic polymers, indicating its superior hydrophilic and eco-friendly nature. Although synthetic polymers showed greater mechanical strength, okra gum provided adequate structural integrity for pharmaceutical applications. Tablet formulation studies further confirmed its effectiveness as a binder, producing tablets with desirable hardness, low friability, and sustained drug release (70 ± 3% over 12 hours). Drug release kinetics followed the Higuchi diffusion model, indicating controlled release behavior mediated by gel layer formation. Additionally, the study highlights the potential application of okra gum in buccal drug delivery systems, where its mucoadhesive and swelling properties facilitate prolonged drug residence time and enhanced bioavailability by bypassing first-pass metabolism. Overall, the findings establish okra gum as a promising, biocompatible, and sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers, with significant potential in controlled drug delivery and biomedical applications
Okra gum; Natural polymer; Biodegradable materials; Synthetic polymers; Drug delivery; Sustainable biomaterial
Morphology-Based Identification of Rotifers for Sustainable Aquaculture
Rotifers are microscopic zooplankton that play a crucial role as live feed in aquaculture, particularly during the early developmental stages of fish and crustaceans. Their small size, high nutritional value, ease of digestion, and rapid reproductive capacity make them an ideal food source for larvae, fry, and fingerlings. Accurate identification of rotifer species is essential for their effective utilization and for advancing ecological and taxonomic studies. Although molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding have gained importance, morphological identification remains a simple, cost-effective, and widely used approach. The present study focuses on the morphological classification and identification of rotifers belonging to the phylum Rotifera. Detailed taxonomic keys have been developed based on distinguishing morphological features including body shape, lorica structure, corona, mastax, and trophi types. The classification hierarchy comprises major groups including Monogononta and Bdelloidea, along with their respective orders, families, genera, and species. Identification keys are provided for several important taxa, including genera such as Brachionus, Keratella, Lecane, Trichocerca, and Asplanchna. This work serves as a comprehensive guide for the identification of rotifer species using morphological characteristics, which can facilitate taxonomic studies, biodiversity assessments, and aquaculture practices.
Zooplankton, Aquaculture, Brachionus, Lorica, Trophi.
Importance Of Pathya & Apathya According To Ayurveda With Reference To Present Era
Diseases are caused due to incompatibility between the person and the aahara, vihara and kala ( season) he enjoys. Therefore to alleviate the diseases or the doshas Pathya and Apathyas are advocated by Ayurveda (do’s and don’ts). These should be planned accordingly to the individual person and with reference to Aahara, Vihara (daily routine work), kala and the manas or satwa of the particular person. This planning should be based upon the amshamsha kalpana of the disease based on the dosha, dooshya, kala and satwa.
Pathya, Apathya, dosha, dooshya, kala, satwa, aahara, vihara.
“Human Gut Microbiota and Ayurveda: A Conceptual Study”
Background and objectives: The term gut microbiota, gut microbiome or gut flora refer to thr community of micro-organisms such as bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses that reside in the digestive systems of animals. In Ayurveda, Agni (digestive fire) is central to health, facilitating digestion, absorption, and assimilation of nutrients. Impairment of Agni (Agni Dusti) leads to the formation of Ama (toxic by-products), a key factor in disease. Modern science recognizes the gut microflora’s(microbiota) role in digestion, metabolism, and immune modulation. This paper explores the interference of gut microflora in Agni Dusti and Ama formation, integrating Ayurvedic concepts with contemporary biomedical insights. Materials and Methods: Review of classical Ayurvedic texts explaining Agni, Agni Dusti, and Ama. Analysis of modern research on gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and digestive health. “Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita were analyzed along with articles based on modern gut microbiome studies.” Results: Ama symptoms like fatigue, coated tongue, and indigestion linked to microbial dysbiosis. Pro-inflammatory effects of Ama in Ayurveda compared to modern gut toxin effects. Discussion: Shodhana therapy, Samsarjana krama and Pathya–apathya according to various diseases plays a significant role not only in removing the endotoxins and disease as a whole but also helps to reestablish internal environment of intestine and microbiota thus help achieving health and longevity.
Ayurveda, gut microflora, Agni Dusti, Ama, Dysbiosis
Crab Diversity in Kapshi Lake, Akola District (M.S.)
This study investigates the diversity of crab species in Kapshi Lake, located in the Akola District of Maharashtra, India. Crabs are significant members of aquatic ecosystems, playing key roles in maintaining ecological balance. The research identifies four crab species from three families under the order Decapoda: Gecarcinucidae, Portunidae, and Crustacean, with the species Barytelphusa cunicularis from Gecarcinucidae being the most dominant. The study also examines the relationship between human settlements and crab diversity, revealing that freshwater crabs in proximity to human populations have fewer species compared to those in more isolated areas. The findings highlight the impacts of human activities, such as overharvesting and habitat destruction, on the local crab populations and their habitats. This baseline data will be useful for future research and the monitoring of anthropogenic effects on freshwater crab species in Kapshi Lake.
Crab Diversity, Kapshi Lake, Akola District, Freshwater Crabs, Human Impact, Biodiversity Monitoring, Crustaceans, Gecarcinucidae, Portunidae, Environmental Conservation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
A Pilot Study on Nisha Triphaladi Yoga in Apatyanimittaja Madhumeha (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus): A Single-Arm Pre–Post Quasi-Experimental Evaluation
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a common growing global health issue, inadequately controlled despite various advances in modern science or pharmacotherapy, which carries lacunae like side effect and long term dependency. Ayurveda correlates T2DM with Madhumeha, disorder with kapha-medo predominant, described under Ashta-Mahagada. Nisha Triphaladi Yoga is a classical formulation mentioned for Prameha, yet scientific evidence for its efficacy in early T2DM remains limited. This study aims to address this gap and evaluate its effect on subjective symptoms as well as RBS levels. Objective: Was to evaluate the effect of Nisha Triphaladi Yoga on subjective Ayurvedic parameters as well as Random Blood Sugar (RBS) in patients with T2DM. Methods: A single-arm interventional clinical study was conducted on 30 participants diagnosed with Apatyanimittaja Madhumeha. Nisha Triphaladi Yoga was administered for a period of 90 days. Assessment carried out was symptom grading (Bahumutrata, Atikshudha, Karapada Daha, Suptata) and RBS at baseline and after treatment. Data were analysed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Marked improvement was observed among subjective symptoms. Bahumutrata reduced from 1.70 to 0.30 (p < 0.0001), Atikshudha from 1.65 to 0.30 (p < 0.0001) and Karapada Daha/Suptata from 1.65 to 0.35 (p < 0.0001). Mean RBS reduced from 227.00 mg/dl to 153.80 mg/dl (p < 0.0001). No adverse events were noted. Conclusion: Nisha Triphaladi Yoga demonstrated marked improvement in early-stage T2DM (Apatyanimittaja Madhumeha) with reduction in symptoms as well RBS ranges. Intervention was safe and well tolerated. Further larger controlled trials are needed in order to validate these findings.
Atikshudha, Bahumutratha, Nisha Triphaladi Yoga, Quasi-Experimental Study, RBS, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
“Comparative Anatomy of the Gastropod Telescopium telescopium in Punnakayal Mangrove Habitat”
Key anatomical features were carefully described and illustrated in this study, including the structure of the proboscis, radula morphology, esophageal glands, and the reproductive systems of both males and females. Comparisons were made with previously studied potamididae species, particularly Telescopium telescopium. Notable distinguishing features observed in T. telescopium include a narrow gill, variations in the osphradium, and radula, and presence of well developed seminal vesicles within the pallial region. These findings contribute to a better understanding of potamidid taxonomy and provide insights into the adaptations of Telescopium telescopium to its sedimentary life style in tropical marine ecosystem.
Telescopium telescopium, Potamididae, Osphradium, Pallial oviduct.
Success Story of Watershed Management: Case study of Naregudem Village, Kattangur Mandal, Nalgonda District, Telangana
Water supports life, population growth and itsImpact in all development spheres. With only 2.4 percent of the world landmass and 4 percent of the renewable water supplies, India supports 18 percent of the world population and 15 percent of all livestock. India largely relies on its agricultural sector as it contributes to its 14 percent GDP and 11 percent exports. Roughly half of the population relies on agriculture as their main source of income and other industries use agriculture as a source of raw materials. 76 percent of the global population had less than 5,100 cubic metrics per annum percapita water availability. It is estimated that by 2030 most population of the earth is going to be living under low supply of water (source: International resource panel (IRP)). The categories of water users in the world are estimated not to change much projecting an increase in the consumption of water considering urbanization in the developing countries. The control of water scarcity has been aimed at improving the efficiency of water use and closing the shortage of infrastructure through watershed management. India has the Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), which is carried out by the Ministry of Rural Development in Telangana with the objective to reduce the impact of long-term famine. This program facilitates planned agricultural development in rural areas with planned watershed interventions. A good example of how watershed management and livelihood intervention strategies can be successfully integrated is in Naregudem village in Kattangoor Mandal, Nalgonda district.
Watershed Management, Agriculture, Urbanization, Naregudem, Success story.
Water Quality Alterations of a Tropical Suburban Lentic Ecosystem Due to Sewage Influx
Lentic freshwater bodies serve mankind in different ways of which prime importance bags as sources of drinking water for local population. However, unscrupulous activities of mankind destroy pristine water sources by discharge of sewage, effluents, plastic pollution, etc. An investigation was undertaken to assess heavy metal content and seasonal physico-chemical parameters in a suburban sewage dumping pond in comparison with a neighbouring non-sewage dumping pond. Seasonal water samples were analysed to quantify trace metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn) and physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) employing standard methods and procedures. Pre-monsoon registered significantly elevated concentrations of heavy metals in the sewage-fed pond. Physico-chemical parameters exhibited marked seasonal variability with EC, TDS and COD demonstrating positive correlations with heavy metal concentrations, suggesting enhanced metal solubility and mobility under altered hydro-chemical conditions. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA), revealed strong interrelationships between anthropogenic inputs, redox potential, and seasonal fluctuations. The study underscores the synergistic effect of sewage influx and seasonal variation on metal speciation and aquatic chemistry, advocating the urgent need for integrated pond ecosystem management.
Sewage Pollution, Hydrography, Ezhakulam Pond, Heavy metal Content
Secure Data Storage and Sharing for IoT Devices
As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to expand, the need for secure data storage and sharing has become a pressing concern. With millions of devices generating vast amounts of data, the risk of data breaches, hacking, and unauthorized access is increasingly high. This paper proposes a novel approach to secure data storage and sharing for IoT devices, utilizing blockchain technology and edge computing. The proposed system utilizes a decentralized architecture, where IoT devices are equipped with blockchain-enabled nodes that store and manage their own data. Edge computing is employed to process and analyze data in real-time, reducing the need for centralized servers and minimizing latency. The blockchain-based architecture ensures that data is secure, tamper-proof, and transparent, with immutable records and consensus-based validation. The proposed system has significant implications for various industries, including healthcare, finance, and transportation. By providing a secure and transparent platform for data storage and sharing, this technology can revolutionize the way IoT devices interact with each other and with humans.
IoT, Data, Storage, Blockchain, Encryption
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Irrigation Water from the Yamuna River: A Review
Delhi relies on the Yamuna River, one of the nation's most contaminated. Yamuna River is the main irrigation and water source. Farmers farm the entire Yamuna Pusta. Water quality depends on physicochemical and biological qualities. pH, temperature, and minute amounts of necessary and superfluous metals in water can make it unsafe for humans. Home and industrial sources cause 85% of pollution. Private and industrial waste from coal washery, plastic, steel, food processing, metal work, and leather tanning pollutes the river. The principal sources of heavy metal contamination in water are these activities. Metals in polluted soil bioaccumulate in crops. Heavy metal ions like Cd (II), Hg (II), Pb (II), Ni (II), As (V and III), Cr (VI), and Cu (II) in water can cause liver damage, kidney impairment, stomach and skin tumors, mental ailments, and reproductive system damage. Therefore, heavy metal effluence in water must be measured and eliminated. This study examines Yamuna River water and agricultural samples. To study heavy metals' harmful consequences.
Heavy Metals , Yamuna Water , Contamination , Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) , Bioaccumulation
Heavy Metal Characteristics and Their Spatial-Temporal Distribution in Trans-Yamuna Aquifer, Palwal District, Haryana, India
The Trans-Yamuna aquifer in Palwal District, Haryana, India, is a vital water source for both agricultural and domestic uses. This study explores the characteristics and spatial-temporal distribution of heavy metals within this aquifer to evaluate potential environmental and health risks. Over the course of one year, water samples were systematically collected from various sites within the aquifer. Heavy metal concentrations—specifically lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr)—were measured using advanced analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results reveal notable spatial variability in metal concentrations, with higher levels detected near industrial and agricultural areas. Additionally, seasonal variations were observed, with elevated metal concentrations during the monsoon season, attributed to runoff and leaching. Heavy metal concentrations were generally higher than permissible limits at most sites, ranging from 0.001 to 0.8 ppm, except for iron, which exhibited different behavior. Zinc showed the highest concentration variability, while cadmium had minimal fluctuation. A significant increase in cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) concentrations, along with a decrease in groundwater quality, was noted in the post-monsoon period. Metal abundances varied, with the following order observed: Fe > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cd > Cu > Co > Mn in pre-monsoon and Ni > Zn > Fe > Cd > Cu > Pb > Co > Cr > Mn in post-monsoon periods. Rural areas exhibited a marked change in metal abundance patterns. Correlation analysis revealed a stronger relationship among deep groundwater samples in pre-monsoon compared to post-monsoon samples, with the highest correlation found in urban areas. Overall, heavy metal concentrations exhibited a concentric zonal distribution, with higher levels near the urban-rural fringe and decreasing towards the periphery.
Heavy Metal, Trans-Yamuna Aquifer, AAS, Health Risks, Anemia, India
Unraveled Insights Behind The Kazhugumalai Jain Beds
This research explores the rock-cut heritage of Kazhugumalai, situated in the Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu, as a definitive archaeological and epigraphical record of early medieval Jainism. Renowned as the "Ellora of the South" for its monolithic Hindu Vettuvan Koil, Kazhugumalai simultaneously serves as the largest repository of Jain inscriptions and sculptures in far south India. This study examines the iconographic program of over 150 bas-relief Tirthankara figures, analyzing their stylistic evolution under the patronage of the early Pandyas. Centrally, the paper focuses on the collection of nearly 102 Vatteluthu inscriptions that document a sophisticated monastic network. Unlike royal land-grant charters, these "votive labels" serve as primary evidence for an "open-air university," detailing pedagogical lineages between monk-teachers (kuravadigal) and students (manakki). These records reveal a significant socio-religious phenomenon: the high status of female ascetics (kurattigal), who are recorded as both esteemed scholars and independent donors. By synthesizing archaeological evidence from primary works by C. Sivaramamurti and P.B. Desai, this research argues that Kazhugumalai was not merely a site of isolated penance but a thriving center of Jain theology and religious syncretism that interconnected major southern Jain hubs like Kottar and Chitharal. The findings underscore the enduring legacy of the Jain community within the broader cultural and architectural landscape of the Tamil country during the 8th and 9th centuries C.E.
Kazhugumalai – Jaina Abode – Thirthankaras – Vettuvan Kovil – Scuptures
Phytoconstituent Analysis Of Methanolic Extract Of Gracilaria Fergusonii Collected From Hare Island, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India.
The main objective of this present study was to investigate the phytoconstituent present in methanol extract of Gracilaria fergusonii collected from Hare Island, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India. The phytochemical analysis of methanol extract was estimated using the standard procedure for UV-Vis spectroscopic, FT-IR and HPLC. The crude extracts of the selected Gracilaria fergusonii J.Ag. species was scanned in a wavelength ranging from 200-900nm. Seven functional groups were identified using FTIR spectrophotometer in the range of 4000 to 400cm-1. The qualitative HPLC fingerprint profile of methanol extract of Gracilaria fergusonii J.Ag. was chosen at a wavelength of 254nm due to sharpness of the peaks and proper baseline. There are fifteen compounds were separated from Gracilaria fergusonii J.Ag. The profile observed five prominent peaks at the retention time of 1.483min, 1.570min, 1.743min, 1.850min, 2.017min, followed by ten moderate peaks were predicted at the retention time of 1.273min, 2.247min, 3.520min, 3.850min, 4.220min, 4.517min, 4.703min, 5.107min, 7.037min and 12.230min.
Drowned in Silence: State-Engineered Erasure, Smuggling Economies, and the Perilous Maritime Journeys of the Rohingya in Habiburahman’s First They Erased Our Name: A Rohingya Speaks
ABSTRACT The Rohingya crisis in Myanmar illustrates how this Muslim minority community from Myanmar's Rakhine State, were driven to undertake the deadly sea voyages not by choice, but by the systematic destruction of their legal and human existence. Using Habiburahman’s memoir First They Erased Our Name, the study draws on Edward Said's theory of the Other and Hannah Arendt's philosophy of statelessness to show that the violence of the sea crossings was the direct consequence of state-engineered identity erasure. The Myanmar state's 1982 Citizenship Law stripped the Rohingya of legal recognition, leaving them without documents, rights, or protection and therefore uniquely vulnerable to exploitation by transnational smuggling networks. This paper argues that smuggling networks did not create Rohingya vulnerability rather they profited from conditions that the state had already manufactured. Habiburahman's memoir is read not only as a record of suffering, but also as a political and literary act of resistance. The paper concludes by calling for a fundamental reconceptualization of international responses to statelessness moving beyond humanitarian management toward the restoration of political membership and citizenship rights.
Rohingya, statelessness, identity erasure, smuggling networks, maritime displacement, postcolonial theory, Other.
D. G. Driver’s Cry Of The Sea: An Ecological Perception Of The Human Psyche And Experience
This study is an investigation on D.G.Driver’s ecological perception of, Cry of the Sea. The researchers have planned to incorporate the novelist’s ecological imagination so as to foreground the ecological engagement between the human and the non-human worlds. This article is a strong argument that dismantles anthropocentricism. D.G.Driver envisions the sea not as a passive backdrop but as an active sentient presence that engulfs the deep-seated motif called the environmental activism. D.G.Driver, through her protagonist June, uses the mermaids to communicate the environmental degradation. The mermaids as metaphors become central to the contemporary existential inquiry. Cry of the Sea is situated within the trajectory of ecological perception. This article explores how D.G.Driver’s Cry of the Sea creates an imbalance of anxiety that results in loss and even trauma. The novelist privileges a literary vision that aligns ecological ethics with morality. This article delves deep into themes of conservation, empathy toward nature and the consequent environmental interactions. The context significantly opens up for a deeper exploration of how nature is impacted upon by human contamination, like the oil. The novel investigates human connectedness with nature. It further explores how the marine environment influences the characters like Juniper Sawfeather. This article further furnishes the ecological themes into the storyline. Eventually, this article positions Cry of the Sea within the border context of eco humanism. At the same time, the article also highlights the novel’s contributions to environmental ecological literature and ethical reflections. This article is a textual analysis confined to the parameters of the eco-critical paradigm. The character analysis strengthens the article as to how nature’s interactions with humans and vice versa help one to comprehend the broader impact of the novel’s ecological themes. The novel profoundly increases one’s ecological consciousness. One is also aware of the characters’ significant psychological growth. The findings can be used to promote ecological education. They can also be used to incorporate a more eco-centric approach in environmental policies.
Ecology, Anthropocentricism, Environmental, Degradation, Trajectory, Trauma, Ecohumanism, Ecocritical Paradigm, Ethics, Oceanic Narrative, Impairment.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chitosan-Fused Silver Nanoparticles Against Human pathogens and Surface-Borne Pathogens
Surface-borne pathogens pose a significant threat to public health due to their ability to persist on frequently touched surfaces and contribute to nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The present study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan-fused silver nanoparticles (Ch-AgNPs) against a range of clinically relevant surface-borne bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp., Salmonella abony, Lactobacillus plantarum, Acinetobacter sp., and others. Results demonstrated that Ch-AgNPs exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared with standard chitin, extracted chitin, chitosan, and chito-oligosaccharides, indicating potential application in surface sanitation and biomedical coatings.
Chitosan, Silver Nanoparticles, Antimicrobial Activity, Surface-Borne Pathogens, Nanocomposites, Zone of Inhibition.
A Case Study About Major Environment Challenges In Dholpur District Of Rajasthan
This paper deals with study about major environment issues and challenges in Dholpur district of Rajasthan .
Silicosis, mining, Kesarbagh Wildlife Sanctuary, silico-tuberculosis, Chambal river
Financial Performance Evaluation of Smart Grid Infrastructure as a Strategic Tool for Sustainable Energy Transition in India
India is moving rapidly toward sustainable energy transition due to rising electricity demand, climate change concerns, and policy commitments under the Paris Agreement. Smart Grid infrastructure is considered a strategic enabler for renewable energy integration, energy efficiency, and grid stability. However, large-scale deployment requires huge capital investment, and therefore financial performance evaluation becomes very important. This study evaluates the financial performance of Smart Grid infrastructure projects in India using secondary data from 2017 to June 2022. The study analyzes capital expenditure, operational expenditure, return on investment, government funding patterns, and cost savings using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Secondary data is collected from government reports, Ministry of Power publications, Power Grid Corporation reports, and international energy databases. The study applies financial ratios, cost-benefit analysis, net present value model, and statistical testing to evaluate viability. Findings indicate that although initial investment is high, Smart Grid projects show positive long-term financial sustainability with significant operational cost reductions and improved energy efficiency. The study concludes that Smart Grid infrastructure is not only technically viable but financially strategic for India's sustainable energy transition
Smart Grid Infrastructure, Sustainable Energy Transition, Financial Performance, Renewable Integration, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Energy Economics, Grid Modernization, Investment Analysis, India
Statistical techniques as investigatory tools for the Evaluation of Water Quality of Freshwater Ecosystems
Statistics plays crucial role in every field of mankind. Basic statistical techniques help researchers to design experiments, verify conclusions and systematic interpretations of results in various branches of natural as well as social sciences. Aquatic ecosystems being indispensable part of nature are important for the planet earth and human life. Amongst all the aquatic ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems play vital role in the survival of mankind as well as flora and fauna. Rivers are the most engrossing and multiplex freshwater ecosystem on the earth. Due to increased anthropogenic and natural activities these freshwater resources are getting exploited and becoming vulnerable to pollution. Evaluation of these systems becomes crucial as their hydrology is greatly affected by anthropogenic resources and climatic conditions. Being a developing country, Indian freshwater ecosystems are also getting affected by manmade and climatic changes. In present study River Beas (Punjab region) is taken into consideration being one of the major rivers flowing in India. With increasing anthropogenic activities and climatic changes in recent years, river water quality has become an issue of concern and there is need to incorporate multivariate statistical techniques for analysis of quality of the water. Statistical analysis provides crucial insight of many physico-chemical parameters. For this study The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), principal component analysis/ factor analysis (PCA/FA) and two way ANOVA were applied that reduced huge data in small valuable data set. Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s HSD was applied to mean values to evaluate spatio temporal variations in selected water quality parameters. Principal component analysis specified the responsible variables for variations in water quality and included soluble salts, nutrients, organic pollutants and some heavy metals from both natural and anthropogenic sources.
Multivariate statistical techniques, Principal component analysis, Pollution, River Beas, Two way ANOVA
An Empirical Analysis of ESG Factors and Investment Decision-Making in India
This study empirically examines the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on investment decision-making among Indian investors in the post-implementation phase of mandatory sustainability reporting. Using primary survey data collected from 150 investors during January–March 2023, the study employs reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression techniques to assess the relative impact of ESG dimensions alongside financial return expectations and risk perception. The results indicate that environmental and governance factors significantly and positively influence investment decisions, while social factors play a comparatively weaker but still statistically significant role. Financial return expectations remain the dominant determinant, highlighting the pragmatic orientation of Indian investors. The regression model explains 55 per cent of the variance in investment decisions, confirming the growing yet complementary role of ESG considerations in capital allocation. The findings provide policy-relevant insights for regulators, firms, and market participants seeking to strengthen India’s sustainable finance ecosystem.
ESG Investing, Sustainable Finance, BRSR, Investor Behaviour, Indian Capital Markets.
Assessment of biochemical changes due to sub-lethal chronic toxicity in Labeo rohita exposed to Chloropyrifos and Neem oil.
Chloropyrifos, an organophosphate pesticide which is wide used across the state, while on the other hand use of Neem oil as biopesticide is a restricted affair. A detailed comparative toxicological implication of Chloropyrifos and Neem oil is lacking. Thus, this study is conceptualized to determine the LC50 values of Chloropyrifos (Commercial grade named as Dursban) and Neem oil on Labeo rohita (a well-known adequately consumed Indian major carp) and to further investigate the biochemical effects of two sub-lethal doses 1/2 of LC50 (0.021 mg/l) and 1/4th of LC50 (0.0105mg/l) of Chloropyrifos along with ½ of LC50 (22.32 mg/l) and ¼ th of LC50 (11.16mg/l) Neem oil. Among the biochemical parameters tested Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides increased significantly (p < 0.0001) for both the sub-lethal doses of Chloropyrifos and Neem oil for a chronic exposure of 30 days in a dose and exposure dependent relationship but the level of increase is more in case of Chloropyrifos than Neem oil. Total serum protein and Liver glycogen showed a marked decline (p < 0.0001) for both the sub-lethal doses of Chloropyrifos and Neem oil, but the decline is more prominent in Chloropyrifos than Neem oil when exposed for 30 days of chronic toxicity. Overall result of the study indicates that Chloropyrifos is more harmful than Neem oil for non-target aquatic organism like fishes, hence care should be taken to manage contaminated agricultural run-off into the nearby water bodies serving as culture hub of fishes like labeo rohita.
Chloropyrifos, Neem oil, biochemical parameters, labeo rohita.
“Senga Snehalatae Sp. Nov. (Cestoda; Pseudophyllidea), A New Intestinal TapewormfromFreshwater Fish Koradi DamofBuldhana District (MS), India”
Senga, a new species of cestode, is described from a freshwater fish that was caught at Koradi Dam. While conductingsystematic surveys in the research area, the parasites were retrieved from the host's intestine. A close look at themorphology showed that the current form differs from previously documented species of the genus due to uniquefeatures in the rostellar hooks, bothria, scolex, and segment organization. Measurements of ovary anatomy, testiculardistribution, and mature and gravid proglottids provide additional evidence for its taxonomic originality. In order todocument diagnostic features, camera lucida illustrations were created. It is confirmed by comparison with other knownspecies that the specimen is a new species of Senga. The discovery highlights the rich but understudied helminthbiodiversity of freshwater ecosystems in Maharashtra. This finding contributes to the knowledge of cestode diversityand host–parasite relationships in Indian freshwater fishes.
Senga snehalatae sp. nov.; Pseudophyllidea; freshwater fish; cestode taxonomy; intestinal parasite; KoradiDam; Maharashtra.
Taxonomic Characterization of a New Circumoncobothrium Species (Cestoda) from Channa striata Collected at Koradi Dam, Buldhana District (MS) India
The present investigation describes a new species of cestode belonging to the genus Circumoncobothrium Shinde, 1968,recovered from the intestine of the freshwater fish Channa striata Bloch, 1793, collected from Koradi Dam, DistrictBuldhana (M.S.), India, four mature specimens were collected, processed using standard parasitological techniques,stained with acetocarmine and Harris hematoxylin, and examined under a compound microscope. Detailedmorphological and morphometric analyses were carried out for taxonomic identification. Comparative analysis with allpreviously described species of Circumoncobothrium reveals distinct differences in scolex morphology, number ofrostellar hooks, number and arrangement of testes, structure of ovary, and configuration of vitellaria. On the basis ofthese consistent morphological differences, the present form is established as a new species, Circumoncobothriumgawaii sp. nov., named in honor of the author’s surname. This study contributes to the growing knowledge of cestode diversity in freshwater fishes of India and expands thetaxonomic record of the genus Circumoncobothrium.
Circumoncobothrium gawaii, Mastacembelus armatus, Cestode parasite, Taxonomy
Ecology And Diversity Of Vascular Flora in Mural Habitats With Special Reference To Various Successional Stages In Selected Sites Of South Kamrup, Assam, N.E.India
Wall vegetation includes an interesting group of plants growing on artificial habitats like walls which are not only tolerant to different types of abiotic stresses such as strong light, heat, wind, cold, drought etc. but also thrives in substrates very poor in nutrients. Human has started constructing mud, stone and brick walls for various purposes thereby creating a conducive environment for the invasion and establishment of different plants including medicinal plant species. Pioneer species after invasion on the bare wall are replaced by other species in some orderly sequence during the course of time. Species living on rocks, stones or walls are also found to occur in rock and wall crevices where little amount of detritus and humus have accumulated. After surveying of various walls like retaining walls, garden walls, churchyard walls, building walls, fencing wall etc., it was observed that wall flora consists of different species which are at different stages of development and it includes mainly crustaceous lichens, different bryophytes, few ferns species including Adiantum sp., Pteris sp., many angiosperms such as Ficus glomerata, Ficus religiosa, Eclipta alba, Portulaca oleracea, Ludwigia adscandans, Euphorbia hirta, Cleome sp., Ocimum sanctum, Sonchus sp. etc. In the present study, 99 species are recorded of which 8 are pteridophytes and rest 91 are angiosperms. Out of 91 species, 72 species are Dicotyledons and 19 species are Monocotyledons. After the taxonomic analysis of these wall flora, families belonging to dicotyledons that were successfully grown is Compositae with 17 species followed by Euphorbiaceae with 6 species, Acanthaceae with 5 species etc. Out of 19 species of Monocotyledons, the family Gramineae is represented by 11 species followed by followed by the family Commelinaceae with 4 species. As the inclination of a mural site decreases, the number of species increases as the exposure of the sites is very important to invasion of different species in these artificial habitats. Species showing a marked preference for north- facing wall surfaces besides on South, West or East-facing walls because here the humidity and temperature ranges are usually small. There are pronounced and noticeable effects of atmospheric pollution on mural flora and is greatest on lichens followed by bryophytes. The pH values of the substrata which support mural vegetation usually lies between pH 7 and pH 9 in different stages of mural communities. Gradual decomposition of the wall by different agents and factors along with the accumulation of dust, soil particles and organic matter contributes minimum substrata for the development of a plant cover and thereby encourage the process of succession. In this regard, water, nutrient and light act as important limiting factor in development of mural communities in different sites and these dwelling communities possess special adaptations to tolerate fluctuations in the moisture content of the substratum and also to survive in habitats containing minimum nutrient content and sunlight availability. The anthropogenic influence on the communities is also strong which not only invites invasion of new species but may also gradually shift the direction of succession up to certain extent.
Detritus, Pioneer species, Mural communities, Substrata, Crustaceous lichens, pH, Succession, Limiting factor, Artificial habitats, Invasion, Abiotic stresses
Methodological Validation And Comparative Analysis Of Gravimetric, Volumetric, And Von Bayer's Techniques For Seasonal Fecundity Estimation In Cyprinus Carpio In Kasarwadi Reservoir, Parli.V Dist – Beed.
Precise estimation of egg volume and fecundity is central to reproductive biology, stock assessment, and recruitment modeling in Cyprinus carpio, a highly fecund and economically important freshwater teleost. Because common carp produce large numbers of small, morphologically uniform eggs, methodological accuracy in egg quantification directly influences interpretation of maternal investment, spawning potential, and population productivity. Despite widespread application of subsampling-based fecundity techniques, comparative validation of egg volume estimation methods under reservoir conditions remains limited. The present study provides a comprehensive methodological evaluation of three standardized egg-measurement approaches—gravimetric, volumetric, and Von Bayer’s micrometric methods—applied to ovarian samples of C. carpio collected seasonally from Kasarwadi Reservoir. The gravimetric method estimated fecundity through proportional extrapolation of egg counts from weighed ovarian subsamples to total ovary mass, whereas the volumetric method employed water-displacement–based volume subsampling to derive total egg number. The Von Bayer method involved calibrated microscopic measurement of oocyte diameter followed by geometric computation of individual egg volume, enabling high-resolution morphometric analysis. Replicate subsampling (n = 25 per dataset) was performed to enhance statistical robustness and minimize intra-ovarian heterogeneity bias. Comparative statistical analyses demonstrated strong positive correlations among estimates generated by all three methods, confirming their general reliability for fecundity determination. However, methodological sensitivity differed: gravimetric and volumetric techniques provided rapid, cost-effective, and field-applicable estimates suitable for large sample sizes, but their accuracy depended on uniform egg distribution and careful subsampling. In contrast, the Von Bayer’s micrometric approach yielded superior precision in egg diameter and volume estimation and allowed detection of intra-ovarian variability, making it particularly valuable for detailed reproductive and morphometric studies. Seasonal trends revealed peak fecundity during the monsoon (spawning) phase and reduced reproductive output during winter, consistent with environmentally regulated carp reproductive cycles. The findings establish an integrated methodological framework for standardized egg volume and fecundity assessment in C. carpio. While gravimetric and volumetric methods are recommended for large-scale reproductive surveys, the Von Bayer technique serves as a reference standard for precise egg morphometry. Adoption of combined methodological strategies enhances analytical reliability, strengthens reproductive evaluation, and supports evidence-based fisheries management and hatchery optimization in reservoir ecosystems.
Cyprinus carpio; fecundity estimation; egg volume; oocyte morphometry; reproductive biology; ovarian development; gravimetric method; volumetric method; Von Bayer’s method; morphometric analysis; subsampling technique; measurement accuracy; seasonal reproduction; maternal investment; reservoir fisheries; freshwater ecology; reproductive output; gonadosomatic index; stock assessment; fisheries management.
To Study the Relationship Between Teacher-Student Rapport, Emotional Intelligence, and Learning Outcomes Among Graduate Level Students
This mixed-methods study investigates teacher-student rapport, emotional intelligence, and learning outcomes among 250 graduate students in district Bulandshahr. Survey data (n=230) tested four hypotheses through structural equation modeling and mediation analysis. Teacher-student rapport strongly predicted outcomes (β=.61, p<.001), fully mediated by emotional intelligence (indirect=.34). High rapport students achieved 2.7x better performance despite equivalent cognitive ability. Qualitative themes revealed trust as primary mechanism linking rapport-EI-outcomes pathway.
teacher-student rapport, emotional intelligence, learning outcomes, mediation analysis, graduate students
To Study The Effect Of Psychological Resilience On Digital Learning Adoption And Academic Motivation Among Graduate Level Students
This mixed-methods investigation tests psychological resilience effects on digital learning adoption and academic motivation among 200 Muzaffarnagar graduate students. Survey data (n=180) rigorously examined four hypotheses via regression, mediation, and moderation analysis, corroborated by interviews (n=20). All hypotheses confirmed: resilience strongly predicted adoption (β=.58, p<.001), fully mediated motivation effects (indirect=.23), showed stronger PG effects (interaction β=.19), and high-resilience students achieved 2.3x engagement despite infrastructure parity.
psychological resilience, digital learning adoption, academic motivation, mediation analysis, graduate students