Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) ISSN: 2368-7487 Published By : Writerr Publication The Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to the publication of original research, reviews, and short communications in the fields of fisheries and aquaculture. The journal provides a platform for advancements in aquatic sciences, covering areas such as aquatic ecosystems, aquaculture practices, fish health, nutrition, environmental impacts, fish processing, and the socio-economic aspects of fisheries. Submissions must be original, unpublished work. All articles undergo a double-blind peer review process, evaluated by expert reviewers, with final decisions made by the editorial board. Accepted articles are published online and made freely accessible to the global scientific community.
Regional Differentials in the Socio-Demographic Status of Scheduled Tribes in North East and Mainland India
India is home to one of the largest indigenous populations in the world, officially recognized as Scheduled Tribes (STs), who constitute 104.28 million people (8.6%) of the country's population according to the Census of India (2011). Despite constitutional safeguards and affirmative development policies, substantial regional disparities persist in the socio-demographic status of tribal communities. The present study aims to comparatively examine the socio-demographic characteristics of tribal communities in North East and Mainland India, with particular emphasis on population distribution, education, employment, livelihood patterns, and overall developmental conditions. The study is based entirely on secondary data obtained from the Census of India (2011), National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21), National Sample Survey (NSS), Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), Ministry of Tribal Affairs, National Statistical Office (NSO), NITI Aayog, and other government reports and peer-reviewed literature. A comparative descriptive research design was adopted, and information was synthesized using thematic analysis and descriptive statistical techniques. The findings reveal that tribal communities in North East India generally exhibit more favourable socio-demographic outcomes than those in Mainland India. Several North Eastern states have tribal-majority populations with relatively higher literacy, better female education, lower school dropout rates, greater occupational diversification, stronger political representation, and comparatively better preservation of indigenous institutions and cultural identity. In contrast, tribal communities in many mainland states continue to experience lower educational attainment, greater dependence on agriculture and forest-based livelihoods, higher informal employment and seasonal migration, and persistent poverty, together with limited access to quality education and healthcare. These disparities are primarily shaped by differences in historical experiences, geographical settings, governance structures, institutional support, and developmental opportunities. The study concludes that tribal communities in India should not be treated as a homogeneous population and emphasizes the need for region-specific, culturally responsive, and evidence-based development policies to promote equitable human development, social justice, and sustainable tribal development in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Scheduled Tribes, North East India, Socio-demographic Disparities, Tribal Development, Inclusive Development
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Cross-Cultural Ethno-medico-botany of the Kanikkars in Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu with Various Tribal communities in Other States of India
This paper reports an ethno-medicinal survey that focused on the traditional medicinal plants used by the Kanikkars living in 26 villages of Petchiparai Panchayat (forest area) in Kalkulam Taluk of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India which allows for interesting cross-cultural ethnobotanical studies. The ethno-medicinal data were collected using semi-structured interviews and group discussions in which 252 (146 men and 106 women) informants in the age group between 20 and 60 participated. A total of 215 medicinal plant species distributed in 179 genera and 75 families were collected together with their medicinal uses. The ethno-medicinal uses disclosed by the Kanikkars were compared with the earlier studies on 5 tribal communities, namely the Bhillas in Maharastra, the Korkus in Madhya Pradesh, the Kuknas in Gujrat, the Madiyas in chattisgarh and the Meenas in Rajasthan.
Ethnobotany, Traditional Medicine, Ethnomedicine, Traditional Medicinal Plants, Tribal Communities, Kanikkars, Bhillas, Korkus, Kuknas, Madiyas, Meenas, Human ailments, Petchiparai, Kanyakumari
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Application of Fractional Differential Equations in Electrical Circuits via Sumudu Transform
This paper presents fractional LC, RC and RL electrical circuits as separate cases. The current and charge over time are determined using the Sumudu transform method with emf taken as different types of functions. The results are then simulated using mathematical software.
Caputo fractional derivative, Caputo-Fabrizio, Atangana-Baleanu Caputo fractional derivative, Sumudu transform.
A Randomized single blind placebo controlled trial in management of cases of Knee Osteoarthritis by Individualized Homoeopathic medicine with aid of “Boenninghausen’s Characteristics & Repertory” by C.M. Boger.
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease which affects ability for sitting on the chair, standing, walking and climbing stairs and various other daily living activities of individual. Cyrus Maxwell Boger introduced the concept of pathological general, time modalities and tissue affinity in his repertory “Boenninghausen’s Characteristics and Repertory which is used in the study for selection of individualised homoeopathic medicines for management of knee osteoarthritis. Aim To assess the effectiveness of individualised homoeopathic medicine with the aid of Boenninghausen’s Characteristics and Repertory by C.M. Boger in management of knee OA. Objectives To assess the extent of improvement in patient receiving Indivisualised Homoeopathic medicines with physiotherapy by comparing pre and post treatment scores of Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS questionnaire as an outcome assessment scale within the group To assess the extent of improvement in patient receiving placebo with physiotherapy by comparing pre and post treatment scores of Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) questionnaire as an outcome assessment scale within the group. Methodology: It was 9 months Interventional, Single blind, Randomized placebo controlled study. Which was conducted on 65 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis using with KOS-ADLS Score diagnosed criteria at Out Patient Department (O.P.D) of Dr. Girendra Pal Homoeopathic Hospital, Research centre collegiate Hospital of Dr. M. P. K. Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Homoeopathy University, Saipura, Sanganer, Jaipur, Rajasthan. KOS-ADLS Score was used for pre and post treatment evaluation. Paired t test and independent test used for statistical analysis and the indivisualized homeopathic medicine given after repertoring from Boenninghausen’s Characteristics and Repertory. Result: 65 Patients completed the study, 5 Patients considered in drop out(n=35-5=30) as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study suggests that female patients were more prone to knee OA, of age group 35-45 years, among more in reported middle class socioeconomic status people and House wives were found to be the most affected group. Most of the patients found in urban population. Most commonly affected joint were B/L knee joints. Most patients found their daily activity was mostly affected in first motion with marked stiffness. Most frequently observed grade in x-ray are ‘GRADE-II. Most commonly prescribed medicines after repertorization were Rhus toxicodenron and Bryonia alba. The calculation of statistical analysis paired t test individualized Homoeopathic medicine with Physiotherapy, showed significant effect (difference of mean= -26.829 t(35) =-11.577, P<0.001 where negative mean difference indicate the higher value of the post scores which signifies greater improvement. Placebo and Physiotherapy, difference of mean= -2.333, t (30) =-4.215, P > .001 where negative mean difference indicate the higher value of the post scores which signifies greater improvement. Levene’s Test indicated that there is significant (P<.001) increase in Symptomatic domain of KOS-ADLS score in cases of knee osteoarthritis with Individualized Homoeopathic medicine with Physiotherapy (M= 55.7, S.D. = 11.238) than Placebo with Physiotherapy (M=31.93, S.D.= 5.471), t(65)= 11.107, P<.001 Conclusion: The findings of this study Out of the 35 cases of knee osteoarthritis in Group A (Individualized Homoeopathy medicine and Physiotherapy) 51.428% (n-18) showed mild improvement; 20% (n-7) showed moderate improvement and non-significant improvement; 2.857% (n-1) showed marked improvement; showed 5.7% (n-2) no improvement (status quo). Out of 30 cases of knee osteoarthritis in Group B (Placebo and Physiotherapy 76.666% (n-23) showed non-significant improvement; 20% (n-7) were aggravated; 16.666% (n-5). Hence, proved the significant utility of Individualised Homoeopathic medicine selected from Boenninghausen’s Characteristics & Repertory by C.M. Boger showed improvement in KOSADLS Score in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis.
Knee osteoarthritis, RCT study, Individualised Homoeopathic medicine, Placebo, Physiotherapy, KOS- ADLS questionnaire, Boenninghausen’s Characteristics & Repertory
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
History or Tragedy?: Reassessing Marlowe’s EDWARD II
Heavy metal contamination of wastewater is a significant environmental issue due to the toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential of metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). Conventional treatment methods are often costly and generate secondary pollutants. Biochar derived from bamboo has emerged as a sustainable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for heavy metal remediation. Bamboo biochar possesses a highly porous structure, large specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and excellent adsorption capacity. This review summarizes the production, physicochemical properties, adsorption mechanisms, factors affecting adsorption, modification strategies, and recent applications of bamboo biochar for heavy metal removal from wastewater.
Bamboo biochar, Heavy metals, Wastewater treatment, Adsorption, Surface modification, Environmental remediation
Compensating The Innocent: A Critical Analysis Of The Regulatory Framework For Wrongful Prosecution
In this paper, the author has sought to critically analyse the regulatory framework in India that addresses compensation for victims of Wrongful Prosecution. The victims of Wrongful Prosecution are victimized in a variety of ways by the Indian criminal justice system, such that there are no provisions in the existing laws governing the grant of compensation to assist and support them. In the present situation, they are completely at the mercy of the State, society, and the courts. The currently available solutions are complex and insufficient, and the current state restitution processes are atrociously deficient. The development of the notion of welfare states reflects the need to compensate such innocent victims to a great extent. The paper analyses the international-level mechanism for the right of compensation. The role and the approach of the Supreme Court of India to grant compensation in cases involving false accusations, unjustified detention, and physical damage has been discussed. It also looks into the existing gaps in the relevant statutes. An important part of this paper is determining whether a statutory law or legal mechanism is required to provide victims of Wrongful Prosecution with prompt, efficient, and cost-effective justice. In conclusion, this paper highlights the many problems and difficulties associated with compensation in the Indian Legal system and offers recommendations to address the inadequate remedies available to those who have been wrongfully prosecuted. This paper highlights the urgent need for an effective statutory framework mandating compensation for victims of Wrongful Prosecution, alongside necessary amendments to the existing laws governing compensatory provisions.
Wrongful Prosecution, Victim Compensation, Justice, Sentence.
Determination of the Pollination Efficacy in Apis mellifera L. Colony Level on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
The series of trials were carried for this initiative at Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal (Pakistan) to examine the impact of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination efficacy on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) crop and discussed three main studies. i. Pollen transported by honey bees and foraging rate on cucurbit crops. For this purpose two bee colonies were placed in study plot. In both colonies the maximum no. of pollen load and maximum mean weight of pollen load 37% and 36 % obtained from early hours of the day from 10 am to 12 pm while study revealed that foraging activities of bees reduced after noon ii. Figuring out of substitute honeybee pollen sources on cucurbit crops revealed that ten distinct plant types, containing Cucumis sativus were recognized as main exploration basis for Apis mellifera. Out of these 10 fluorescent resources half were found to be crops plant and other half were weed plants. It has also been realized that when the most of the plants are in flowering, bee foraging activities are at their maximum (From the end of March. to start of May). Throughout this time, C. sativus was the most important bee forager in terms of pollen and nectar. iii. Impact of weather conditions on foraging rate of bees on cucurbits. This study revealed that in all significant pair-wise comparisons for March to July 2019, where A. mellifera visits to Cucumber flowers was found to be the greatest during the month of April and May 2019 and lowest in the month of June and July 2019. From April (22.45 oC) to July (30.25 oC) 2019, the cumulative increasing temperature was considerably higher at BARI, Chakwal, Pakistan, where the study was carried out.
Honeybee, Pollination, cucurbits, Seed quality, Forager, pollen, transport, weather impact.
Carnal Transgression and Spiritual Quest in John Updike’s Rabbit Angstrom: A Tetralsogy
This paper examines the complex intersection of physical transgression and metaphysical longing in John Updike’s Rabbit tetralogy Rabbit, Run; Rabbit Redux; Rabbit is Rich; Rabbit at Rest. It argues that Harry Rabbit Angstrom’s relentless, often destructive pursuit of carnal experience is not merely a symptom of moral failure or suburban boredom, but a misdirected spiritual quest for the numinous in a secularized post war America. Infused with Karl Barth’s neo orthodox theology and Søren Kierkegaard’s existential anxiety, Updike constructs Rabbit’s insatiable physical appetite as a clumsy, tragic search for grace. By analyzing the structural parallels between Rabbit’s sexual transgressions and his moments of existential crisis, this study demonstrates how the domestic and corporeal realities of the novels serve as the primary battlegrounds for spiritual survival. This present study contends that Updike uses the failing, aging body of his protagonist to illustrate the tragic paradox of the human condition the impossible desire to reconcile eternal spiritual longing with a finite, mortal anatomy.
Carnal Transgression, Spiritual Quest, American Realism, Existential Angst.
Excellance Of Ayurveda And Challenges In Revival Of Ayurveda: Demand Of Present Health Needs
Ayurveda is an ancient science for maintenance of health and cure of disease. It is explained in ‘sutra’ form and not explained in detailed descriptive manner. In 21st century, the science of Ayurveda is getting demanded and explored. This exploration needs proper understanding and execution. Understanding can be enhanced by utilization of basics of modern science. Basic science may, not only help to understand but also validate wisdom of Ayurveda. For example, lifestyle disorders are the result of wrong diet and regimen in day to day life, in context to time, place, age etc. It is described in Ayurveda in detail. It is described in Ayurveda, at various place like in the description of Dincharya, Ritucharya and many other places, that specific diet and regimen should be followed according to Prakriti, Kala, Desha, Vaya etc. to maintain the health. The health or healthy condition of body is also defined in Ayurveda in detailed manner. A very big and important part of this science is oriented towards prevention of disease by promoting health. Along with this many solutions are described, in the form of lifestyle, to resolve the problems of lifestyle disorders. There are so many other basic concepts are there, like above, in Ayurveda which need to be explored.
Maulik Siddhant, Contemporary science, Dincharya, Ritucharya, Panchkarma, Rasayan, Sadvritta, Dhatu, Dosha, Shaman, Samsodhan, Basti chikitsa
Characterization of the NarS/NarL and KdpD/KdpE Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Recombinant Protein Expression, Polyclonal Antibody Development, and Construction of Gene Knockout Vectors
Mycobacterium tuberculosis survives hostile host environments through two-component regulatory systems (TCSs), including the NarS/NarL and KdpD/KdpE pathways, which play important roles in environmental sensing and bacterial adaptation. This study aimed to characterize these signaling systems by expressing recombinant NarS, NarL, KdpD, and KdpE proteins in Escherichia coli. The proteins were purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and polyclonal antibodies against NarL and KdpE were generated in rabbits. Antibody specificity and titre were evaluated using ELISA and Western blotting. A suicide delivery vector was also constructed by cloning the downstream homologous region of the NarS/NarL genes into the p2NIL vector for targeted gene knockout in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The recombinant proteins and antibodies demonstrated high specificity and are suitable for functional studies. The constructed knockout vector provides a valuable tool for investigating gene function through homologous recombination. Overall, this study establishes important molecular resources for understanding bacterial stress adaptation, signal transduction, and virulence regulation in M. tuberculosis, thereby supporting future tuberculosis research and therapeutic target identification.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Two-component system; NarS/NarL; KdpD/KdpE; Signal transduction; Recombinant protein; ELISA; Western blot; Gene knockout; p2NIL vector.
Nutritional and Functional Properties of Tulsi and Curry Leaves
Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) are among the most extensively utilized medicinal herbs in Indian traditional dietary practices with significant nutritional and therapeutic potential. These leaves are rich in critical vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and bioactive phytochemicals, including polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and essential oils, and are thus important for human health beyond their culinary uses. Their various functional qualities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory activities have been extensively studied in experimental and clinical investigations. Regular use of tulsi and curry leaves in the diet may be useful in reducing oxidative stress, improving metabolic health, improving immunological function and reducing the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Besides their health supporting benefits, these herbs have attracted increasing interest as a natural element in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals and plant-based medicinal formulations. This review objectively explores the nutritional makeup, bioactive ingredients, functional qualities, modes of action and possible applications of tulsi and curry leaves in the food and health industries. The present research highlights the value of tulsi and curry leaves as easily accessible, inexpensive, and nutrient-rich botanical resources that could help to enhance nutrition, prevent disease and promote public health.
Tulsi, Curry leaves, Antioxidants, Antidiabetic properties, Functional foods, public health
Addressing the Critical Research Gaps in Image Processing for the Grocery Industry
This article provides an in-depth examination of the existing shortcomings and unresolved challenges in the field of image processing for estimating the surface area and volume of grocery items. While significant advances have been made through the integration of 2D and 3D imaging, machine learning, and computer vision, critical research gaps continue to hinder practical application in dynamic retail environments. Current 2D methods, though cost-effective, often fall short in handling irregular shapes, complex textures, and real-time processing requirements. Volume estimation is further complicated by 3D modelling difficulties, variations between packaged and unpackaged goods, and a lack of models that generalize across diverse product types. Additionally, computational constraints, such as the trade-off between algorithmic accuracy and processing speed, limit the scalability of these technologies. Environmental factors like lighting and positioning also impact algorithmic robustness. To overcome these hurdles, this research advocates for interdisciplinary collaboration—combining robotics, AI, and smart packaging—to develop more adaptable, standardized, and scalable image processing solutions for the grocery industry
Image Processing, Surface Area Estimation, Volume Estimation, Grocery Industry, 3D Modelling, Machine Learning, Computational Constraints, Computer Vision.
“Impact of Media on public related to Covid-19 pandemic an Online Survey”
Background: Media played a crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing information, creating awareness, and influencing public behavior. At the same time, excessive exposure to media reports and misinformation had the potential to cause fear, anxiety, and psychological distress among the public. Objectives: To assess the impact of Media on public related to Covid-19 pandemic by using structured rating scale and to determine the association between public opinion and their selected socio-demographic variables. Materials and methods: A descriptive survey was conducted to assess the impact of media during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Using a non probability snowball sampling technique 300 participants were included. Data were collected using a structured Google form questionnaire with a rating scale. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic variables and items related to the positive and negative impacts of media during COVID-19. Results: The results of the study revealed that majority of participants reported positive impact of media. About 91.6% stated that media increased awareness regarding COVID-19 preventive measures, 86.6% received timely updates, 84% encouraged hand hygiene, mask usage and social distance, 77.3 % gained better knowledge about vaccination and 76.6 % felt that media helped them stay socially connected during lockdown periods and also identified several negative impact of media. Approximately 67% experienced fear and anxiety, 61% experienced panic through continuous updates, 59.3% leads to stress due to excessive exposure to news, 58.3% felt spread misinformation or fake news and 56.3% are negatively affected their mental well-being and the overall impact of media during Covid-19 shows that majority 64% of participants had positive impact and 36% of them had negative impact. Conclusion: Hence the study concluded that media played a significant role during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing timely information, increasing public awareness, and promoting preventive health practices.
A Review on the Role of Bamboo Biochar in Removing Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Narratives of Displacement: Memory, Trauma, and Exile in Khaled Hosseini’s Sea Prayer
Sea Prayer (2018) by Khaled Hosseini is an illustrative novella that conveys the refugee experience, highlighting the themes of memory, loss, and displacement. The book was written in response to the tragic death of Alan Kurdi, a young Syrian refugee child who had undergone a perilous journey across the sea. It is composed in verse and is a form of a letter from a father to his beloved son. In the letter, the father recalls their lost home while confronting the harsh realities of exile. The paper examines the exploration of forced migration, trauma and nostalgia, analysing how Hosseini portrays exile as a personal and collective tragedy. Ultimately, Sea Prayer acts as both a lament and a plea to humanise the refugees, showcasing literature's role in addressing contemporary humanitarian crises.
A Novel Abrus precatorius (Gunja) plant Seed Powder-Based Cosmeceutical Cream for Acne Management
Acne vulgaris is a widespread inflammatory disorder of the skin primarily associated with bacterial involvement. Medicinal plants have been utilized for centuries in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Homeopathy. In recent years, plant-based therapies have gained substantial recognition for their promising role in managing acne as well as their growing significance in promoting overall human health and treating various diseases.Their usage continues to increase due to their perceived quality, efficacy, and safety. The present study focuses on the development of a novel cream formulation (oil-in-water type) containing a detoxified extract (Gunja shodhana) of Abrus precatorius seed. Two formulations were prepared: F1, which contained purified Abrus seed powder, and F2, which served as the control and did not include the seed powder. The cream was formulated using excipients such as purified Abrus seed powder, beeswax, xanthan gum, glycerin, jojoba oil, vitamin E, and Euxyl PE 9010.The prepared creams were evaluated for various pharmaceutical parameters, including color, odor, consistency, stability, pH, phase separation, spreadability, washability, after-feel, irritancy, antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, shelf life, and storage stability. Both formulations exhibited satisfactory results with an appealing white color, smooth consistency, pleasant odor, and semi-solid nature. The pH values of F1 and F2 were found to be 6 and 7, respectively, which are suitable for topical application. The spreadability of F1 and F2 was recorded as 14.25 g cm/s and 13.06 g cm/s, respectively. No phase separation was observed in either formulation, and both were easily washable with tap water. The after-feel evaluation indicated that the creams were non-irritating, non-greasy, and stable without any separation. Antimicrobial studies revealed that formulation F1 exhibited effective activity against S. aureus, whereas F2 showed no significant antibacterial effect.
Acne vulgaris, Abrus precatorius, Cream formulation, Pharmaceutical parameters, Antimicrobial activity, Staphylococcus aureus.
Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Pathogenic Vibrio Associated with White Feces Syndrome in Penaeus vannamei and their Antibiotic Susceptibility
White gut disease (WGD) is an emerging threat to shrimp aquaculture, significantly impacting production and profitability. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial diversity associated with WGD in shrimp and antibiotic susceptibility. The total bacterial count (TBC) and total Vibrio count (TVC) were determined in digestive tracts and haemolymph of both Normal and WGD-affected shrimp. The TBC and TVC in the digestive tracts of WGD-affected shrimp were substantially higher (1.5×10⁸ CFU/g and 1.41×10⁷ CFU/g) compared to Normal shrimp (2×10⁵ CFU/g and 0.43×10⁴ CFU/g). Similarly, in haemolymph, TBC and TVC in WGD-affected shrimp (0.6×10⁸ CFU/ml and 0.62×10⁶ CFU/ml) were elevated relative to healthy shrimp (0.51×10⁵ CFU/ml and 0.27×10⁵ CFU/ml). A total of seven distinct bacterial isolates (V1-V7) were isolated from WGD-affected shrimp and characterized based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. Molecular characterization through 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed species as Providencia stuartii, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio alginolyticus, Shewanella algae and Shewanella carassii. Shewanella carassii was identified as the same species but with different strains. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed isolates Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio alginolyticus, Shewanella carassii exhibited resistance to Penicillin-G, and Vibrio alginolyticus, Shewanella carassii resistance to Ampicillin whereas Providencia stuartii exhibited resistance to Tetracycline and Furazolidone. These findings highlight the pathogenic bacterial community associated with WGD and underscore the need for effective disease management strategies in shrimp aquaculture.
White gut disease (WGD), Shrimp, Aquaculture, Vibrio, Antibiotic,16S rRNA sequencing.
Representations of Women's Agency and Gendered Subjectivity in Preeti Shenoy's Selected Novels: A Liberal Feminist Analysis
Women's identities are typically shaped by ideals of family honour, obedience, and household duties rather than self-expression or individual independence in highly patriarchal settings where women are subject to patriarchal standards. Gendered subjectivity is the extent to which cultural norms and gender norms influence women's self-perceptions, emotional lives, and self-beliefs. Most literary depictions of women's internal struggles also emphasise how these norms influence women's emotions and choices. Through Preeti Shenoy's selected novels, Life Is What You Make It, Tea for Two and a Piece of Cake, The Secret Wishlist, It Happens for a Reason, and The Rule Breakers, this paper aims to delineate how her female protagonists' gender identities are constructed. They can redefine femininity as active and compassionate, rather than passive and submissive, through relational and feminist agency.
Empowerment, Female identity, Gender Prejudice, Patriarchy, Oppression
The Nutritional And Medicinal Benefits Of Mushroom Cultivation: A Sustainable Approach To Food Security
Mushroom cultivation offers a sustainable and multidimensional approach to strengthening food security under increasing demographic, environmental, and resource pressures. This review evaluates the nutritional, medicinal, environmental, and socioeconomic contributions of mushroom farming within sustainable food systems. Mushrooms provide high-quality proteins, essential amino acids, dietary fiber, B-complex vitamins, vitamin D2, minerals, and antioxidant compounds, supporting dietary diversification and nutritional improvement. Their bioactive constituents, including polysaccharides, β-glucans, triterpenoids, lectins, ergothioneine, and glutathione, contribute to antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, anticancer, cardiovascular, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic effects. Mushroom cultivation also supports environmental sustainability by requiring limited land and water, enabling indoor and vertical production, utilizing agricultural and food-processing wastes, reducing landfill burdens, and promoting circular economy practices. Mycelial systems further contribute to organic matter transformation, nutrient cycling, and the development of biodegradable materials. Socioeconomically, mushroom farming offers low-cost livelihood opportunities, supports smallholder participation, encourages rural entrepreneurship, and contributes to women’s empowerment. Despite these advantages, wider adoption is constrained by strict cultivation requirements, contamination risks, limited strain improvement, short shelf life, and post-harvest losses. Advances in biotechnology, preservation technologies, value-added products, and supportive policy frameworks can improve scalability and market integration. Overall, mushroom cultivation represents a viable strategy for linking nutrition, health promotion, environmental sustainability, and rural development in future food security programs.
Mushroom cultivation, Food security, Functional foods, Circular economy, Medicinal mushrooms
Preparation Of Healthy Salt Alternative With Low Sodium Content Using Brine And Salt Samples Obtained From Selected Salt- Pans Of Tuticorin District, Tamilnadu, India
High sodium intake is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, making low-sodium salt an attractive alternative. The present study explores the preparation of low-sodium salt using various methods to reduce the sodium content. The ionic composition of the prepared low-sodium salt samples was analysed and their production costs were compared to commercially available samples. Results show promising alternatives to traditional salt products with comparable composition and competitive costs. The study highlights the potential of low-sodium salt as a healthier option for consumers and its potential impact on public health.
Low- sodium salt, Salt- pans, Bittern, Chemical composition, Salt- intake.
Spatiotemporal distribution and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in Bhitarkanika: A Mangrove Estuary
Phytoplankton form the foundation of aquatic food webs and are sensitive indicators of environmental conditions in estuarine ecosystems. This study assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of phytoplankton in the Bhitarkanika mangrove-estuarine ecosystem, Odisha, India, and examined their relationship with key physicochemical variables. Sampling was conducted at 28 stations across Bhitarkanika National Park, Dhamra River and Gahirmatha during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Water quality parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, turbidity, and nutrients, were analysed using standard methods. Phytoplankton abundance, chlorophyll-a, and total chlorophyll were determined through laboratory and algal analyser-based assessments. Results showed significant seasonal variations in environmental conditions and phytoplankton dynamics. Post-monsoon conditions were associated with lower salinity and temperature, higher nutrient availability, and greater phytoplankton abundance. Mean phytoplankton density increased from 251.5 ± 102.0 no. mL⁻¹ in the pre-monsoon period to 589.0 ± 766.2 no. mL⁻¹ in the post-monsoon period. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) increased markedly during the post-monsoon season, while diatoms and cryptophytes were comparatively less represented. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between phytoplankton abundance, chlorophyll concentrations, and nutrient levels, particularly nitrate, ammonia, and orthophosphate. In contrast, dissolved oxygen showed strong negative relationships with phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a. Multivariate analyses identified salinity, nutrient availability, suspended solids, and turbidity as major factors influencing phytoplankton distribution and community structure. These findings highlight the role of monsoon-driven hydrological and biogeochemical processes in regulating phytoplankton assemblages within the Bhitarkanika mangrove-estuarine ecosystem and provide baseline information for ecological monitoring, biodiversity assessment, and sustainable management of coastal and estuarine environments.
Phytoplankton; mangrove estuary; Bhitarkanika; seasonal variation; chlorophyll-a; nutrient dynamics; water quality; phytoplankton abundance.
Nutraceutical Prospects of Rhododendron arboreum (Buransh): A Comprehensive Phytochemical Assessment
Rhododendron arboreum (Buransh) is a State tree of Uttarakhand, India and is iconic Himalayan tree species. This study provides an integrated phytochemical profile of Buransh flower with a special emphasis on the nutraceutical potential of the flowers. The total flavonoids, total phenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids and flavanols were found to be exceptionally high in flower petals (1276.5mg/100ml, 956.5mg/100ml, 154.8mg/L, 2685µg/100ml and 288.7mg/100ml respectively) and the total antioxidant capacity was 70.4mM Trolox equivalent/L. The major bioactive components, such as quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, gallic acid, and ferulic acid exhibit proven cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects in both in vitro and in vivo settings. The moisture content was high (79.4%) while the mineral profile was safe as the minerals like iron, manganese, zinc were found to be present in therapeutic levels (405 ppm, 50.2 ppm and 32 ppm, respectively) and heavy metals were found to be below the permissible limits set by WHO/FAO. The total antioxidant activity found to be 70.4 mM Trolox equivalent/L is greater than commercially available nutraceutical drinks like blueberry juice and pomegranate juice. The study also assesses the industrial formulation potential of Buransh in functional beverages, herbal supplements, cosmeceuticals and pharmaceutical excipients. With the introduction of the Geographical Indication (GI) brand for Uttarakhand Buransh in 2023 (GI No. 866, Certificate No. 523), the need for commercial standardization is justifiable both scientifically and economically. The study concludes that the flowers of Buransh are a potential high value nutraceutical ingredient, which has great potential to formulate standardized nutraceuticals, herbal supplements and anti-oxidative therapeutics, thus making R. arboreum a potential flagship Himalayan plant for the global nutraceutical and functional food market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Growth Performance Of Litopenaeus Vannamei In Response To Stocking Density Under Contrasting Salinity Conditions In Andhra Pradesh, India
The present study was aimed at establishing information on the growth rates of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured for one crop under different salinity and stocking density conditions, namely low salinity with low stocking density, low salinity with high stocking density, high salinity with low stocking density, and high salinity with high stocking density. The average values of pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and temperature in ponds with low salinity and low stocking density were 8.04, 5ppt, 6.0 ppm, 0.48 ppm, and 28.22°C, respectively. In ponds with low salinity and high stocking density, the corresponding values were 8.39, 6 ppt, 5.53ppm, 0.61ppm, and 28.05°C, respectively. Similarly, the average values of pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and temperature in ponds with high salinity and low stocking density were 8.31, 20 ppt, 4.92 ppm, 0.61 ppm, and 28.64°C, respectively. In contrast, ponds with high salinity and high stocking density recorded values of 7.98, 18 ppt, 5.13 ppm, 0.66 ppm, and 28.23°C, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated that stocking density exhibited an inverse relationship with shrimp growth. Lower stocking densities resulted in superior growth performance and higher production efficiency, whereas higher stocking densities adversely affected growth and reduced production rates. The findings indicate that optimizing stocking density is essential for maximizing the growth and production performance of L. vannamei under varying salinity conditions.
Litopenaeus vannamei; stocking density; salinity; growth performance; pond culture; production efficiency
Solvent-Dependent Extraction and Regional Bioactivity Variance in Psidium guajava: A Multi-Region Assessment of Antimicrobial Spectrum and Antioxidant Efficacy
Background: The therapeutic efficacy of Psidium guajava (L.) Merr. is significantly influenced by the polarity of the extraction solvent and geographic provenance. However, multi-regional comparative studies integrating solvent-dependent phytochemical partitioning with biological activity are limited. This study investigates the influence of three distinct Indian geographic regions and three solvent systems on the phytochemical profile, antimicrobial spectrum, and antioxidant capacity of guava leaf extracts. Methods: Leaves were collected from Tamil Nadu (TN; tropical lowland), Himachal Pradesh (HP; temperate foothills), and Uttarakhand (UK; sub-Himalayan mid-hills). Sequential extraction was performed using petroleum ether (PE), n-butyl alcohol (NBA), and distilled water (AQ). Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the agar well diffusion method against six clinically relevant pathogens. Antioxidant capacity was quantified using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. GC-MS profiling was performed on an Agilent 7890A/5975C system. Results: Phytochemical diversity varied significantly, with Uttarakhand extracts exhibiting the highest class diversity (17/18), followed by Tamil Nadu (14/18) and Himachal Pradesh (12/18). The n-butyl alcohol fraction was the most bioactively potent. Antimicrobial testing revealed a regional hierarchy of TN > UK > HP against most pathogens, with Staphylococcus aureus demonstrating the highest susceptibility (ZOI: 20.7 mm for TN-NBA). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity followed a regional hierarchy of TN > HP > UK, with Tamil Nadu achieving the highest radical scavenging capacity (82.2% DPPH, 61.75% ABTS), followed by Himachal Pradesh (79.80% DPPH, 57.45% ABTS) and Uttarakhand (78.5% DPPH, 55.75% ABTS). GC-MS profiling identified three distinct regional chemotypes: flavonoid-glycoside (TN), sesquiterpene-phytosterol (HP), and phenolic acid-coumarin (UK). Conclusion: Geographic origin and solvent polarity are critical determinants of the bioactive potential of P. guajava leaf extracts. Despite lower phytochemical class diversity, the Tamil Nadu accession demonstrated superior antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy due to a high concentration of specific potent polyphenols such as EGCG and quercetin glycosides.
Psidium guajava, Regional Variance, Solvent Extraction, Antimicrobial Activity, DPPH, ABTS, GC-MS, Chemotype
A Study of The Problems Faced by Tourists Visiting Religious Tourism Destinations in Tamil Nadu
Religious tourism is an important segment of the tourism industry in Tamil Nadu due to its rich spiritual heritage, historic temples, and cultural traditions. The present study aims to identify the socio-demographic profile of tourists and examine the major problems faced by tourists visiting religious tourism destinations in Tamil Nadu. The study is descriptive and empirical in nature and is based on both primary and secondary data. A total of 384 respondents were selected using convenience sampling, and the collected data were analysed using simple percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, and Garrett Ranking Technique. The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were male, married, belonged to the age group of 31 - 40 years, and resided within Tamil Nadu. The study identified lack of clean drinking water, inadequate accommodation facilities, pollution, poor cleanliness, and transportation difficulties as the major problems faced by tourists. The study suggests improving infrastructure facilities, sanitation, transportation, and tourist guidance services to enhance tourist satisfaction and promote sustainable religious tourism development in Tamil Nadu.
Religious Tourism, Tourist Problems, Tourist Satisfaction, Tamil Nadu, Infrastructure Facilities, Sustainable Tourism
Bioinformatic analysis of important miRNA and Gene-Network analysis of FAT-1 gene, a key regulator of head and neck cancer.
Introduction:Head and neck cancer is considered as the sixth worldwide leading cancer which are caused due to alcohol and tobacco use, radiation exposure, genetic disorders, etc. MicroRNA is small, single stranded RNA which contains 18-25 nucleotides plays a significant role in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Commonly FAT-1 acts as tumor suppressor but abnormalities in this leads to development of tumors. Aim : Analysis of important miRNA and Gene network analysis of FAT-1 gene , a key regulator of head and neck cancer. Materials and methods: Prediction of microRNA targets for FAT - 1 gene in humans was carried out using Target-scan Human software program. miTG scores of ≥0.99 were identified using the Dianalab software program. Gene network analysis of FAT - 1 was carried out by STRING database online server program. Target miRNAs were predicted using miRDB online server program. Results: Bioinformatic analysis identified dysregulated miRNAs and hub genes associated with the FAT-1 signaling network, revealing significant involvement in cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and metastatic pathways in head and neck cancer. Gene-network analysis demonstrated that FAT-1 interacts with multiple oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways, suggesting its central regulatory role in tumor progression. Important gene interactions with a combined score of ≥0.99 were considered and listed. miRNA targets with a target score of more than 95 were considered for further analysis. Conclusion: The study of bioinformatic analysis of important miRNAs helps in understanding the involvement of the FAT-1 gene in head and neck cancer, where FAT-1 may act as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target due to its association with cancer-related miRNA regulation and molecular signaling pathways. Integrated miRNA and gene-network profiling further provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying head and neck carcinogenesis.
radiation exposure, genetic disorders, post-transcriptional regulation, tumor suppressor, abnormalities.
Tissue-specific Histopathological alterations in Catla catla following exposure to Acetamiprid 20% SP
Nowadays, the worldwide widespread use of pesticides enhances the likelihood of unfavorable toxicity to creatures other than the target pest. Pesticides are a major concern around the world, as they can bioaccumulate into different fish tissues, which will consequently result in serious health concerns for the consumers. In this context, the present study depicts several serious histopathological alterations of vital tissues of freshwater fish Catla catla exposed to Acetamiprid 20% SP at a lethal (50 mg/L-1 for 96 hours) and sub-lethal concentration for 1, 4, and 8 days. However, it is strongly suggested that Acetamiprid 20% SP is moderately toxic to Catla catla. The fish's evident histological alterations are a high degree of pathological lesions. The examination of the gills indicated fusion, epithelial degradation, vacuolation, hyperplasia, and deformity at the tips of secondary lamellae, and tissue destruction at the epithelial site have all been seen as lesions. Infiltration of leucocytes, atrophy, breaking of muscle fibers, and vacuolation-like changes in the muscles were observed.
Acetamiprid 20%SP, Catla catla, Toxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Histopathology
Microbial Indicator asaPerformance Evaluation Tool for STP: Case Study
Mixed community of microorganismsiskeytosewage treatment and few of them may be used as an indicatororganism to evaluate the performance of sewage treatment plants(STPs). The aeration tank in the activated sludgeprocess (ASP) forms an artificial ecosystem consist of bacteria and protozoans.Protozoans and E.coli can be usedasareliable microbial indicator to evaluate the performance of sewage treatment plant.Inthepresent research theexisting performance of Sanjauli Maliana Sewage Treatment Plant had evaluated in terms of removal efficiencyof Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The operational parameter of extended aeration ASP has been determined which showed lowfood/microorganism (F/M) and high mean cell residence time(MCRT) but still the Dissolved oxygen (DO) ofaeration tank was very low. In contrarytothat, microscopic analysis suggested high food/active microorganismratio and low MCRT that explained the low DO. The corrective measures were implemented successfully toelevate the performance of STP. The performance evaluation of sewage treatment had been done after 4 weeksand 6 weeks of successful implementation of corrective measures. The removal efficiency ofTSS, BOD5,andCODhad increased to 94%, 89%, 92% from 79%, 75% and 83% similarly the total coliform removal has increasedby 10 foldsafter six weeks of implementation of corrective measures.The relative density of ciliates had increasedsignificantlyandthe relative density of amoeba had decreased.An optimal dose of bleaching powder had beenevaluated which may ensure theoptimizedcomplete disinfection to reduce the risk of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)epidemics as well as nostresstothe aquatic life. In developing countries like India, these findings may increasethe reliability and adaptability of microbial indicators to evaluate the performance of STP which is currently donepredominately by physicochemical parameters.
Microbial indicators;Ciliated protozoans; Total coliform and E.coli; Sewagetreatment, Removalefficiency
Study of antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Phenol extract from Nigella Sativa L.
Background: This study investigate the antibacterial activity of phenol extract from Nigella Sativa L and Zno nanoparticles toward staphylococcuse aureas and Escherichia coli. Objective: Detecting the phytochemical of plant by using reagent, separation phenol compound from alcohol extract and studding antibacterial of phenol extract and Znonanoparticl. Patients and methods: the antibacterial test detected by disc diffusion methods at concentration ( 25,50,75 and 100 mg/ml ) for phenol extract , while Zno nanoparticles at concentration (0.2 , 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg/ml). Results: the inhibition zone of phenol extract in concentration 25 mg/ml was 16.11 mm, 15.11 mm for S. aureus, E .coli respectively, while concentration 50 mg/ml in S. aureus, E.coli 17.44mm, 16.12mm respectively, while concentration 75mg/ml in S. aureus 19.22mm, E.coli 18.34 mm , concentration 100 mg/ml in S. aureus 21.12mm, E.coli 20.12 mm. While the inhibition zone of Zno nanoparticles was 1.23 mm, 2.23 mm against S. aureus ,E .coli respectively with concentration0.2 mg/ml, while concentration 0.3mg/ml in S. aureus 1.99mm, E.coli 3.54mm, while concentration 0.4mg/ml in S. aureus 2.76mm, E.coli 4.11 mm , concentration 0.5 mg/ml in S. aureus 3.65, E.coli 4.11 mm. Conclusion: This effect due to the ability of ZnO nanocomposite to disrupt genes for resistance to oxidative stress, and increase the ROS, which contributes to eradication of bacteria by stimulating macrophages and production of cytokines. Also disrupt the bacterial cell wall (positive, negative) by affecting the osmosis of the cell wall, so the cells treated with this compound appear wrinkled and irregular in shape.
Nigella Sativa L , Phenol, Zno nanoparticl. S. aureus, E.coli.
Algae Biofuel as a Substitute for Petrol: Comparative Life-Cycle & Emissions Assessment
The rising environmental impact of fossil fuels has accelerated research into renewable alternatives. Among these, algae-based biofuels are promising due to high productivity, CO₂ sequestration ability, and non-competition with food crops. This study evaluates the life-cycle environmental performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of algal biofuel relative to conventional petrol. Using a cradle-to-burn analysis, we quantify energy input, carbon footprint, and emissions output. Results indicate that algae biofuel systems can reduce lifecycle CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) emissions by up to 65% compared to petrol, while offering a lower net energy balance. The assessment also identifies key stages—harvesting, lipid extraction, and combustion—where improvements yield the greatest environmental benefits. The findings support algae biofuel as a viable, lower-emissions alternative to conventional petrol, especially when integrated with carbon capture and waste nutrient utilization.
Algae biofuel, life-cycle assessment (LCA), emissions assessment, petrol substitute, sustainable energy, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon footprint.