Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences

Assessing The Safety Profile Of Carica Papaya Leaves And Seeds On Hepatic And Renal Function In Healthy Rabbits

Tue, 07 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: To assess the impact of Carica papaya leaves and seeds on hepatic and renal function in a controlled rabbit model.

Methodology: In a 45-day experimental study at Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 18 healthy adult rabbits were allocated into five groups. All groups received varying doses of papaya seed or leaf extracts. Liver and renal function assessments were performed at 15-day intervals, providing insights into the impact of Carica papaya extracts on these vital physiological functions.

Results: The administration of papaya extracts demonstrated a generally favorable safety profile, with no disruption to liver enzymes and renal biochemistries. However, the group receiving papaya seed extract at 500mg exhibited a noteworthy increase in albumin levels. While this may suggest a potential risk of dehydration, it did not impact liver synthetic function. Notably, renal function remained within clinically acceptable ranges across all groups, emphasizing the overall safety of the papaya extracts.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that Carica papaya extract, particularly from leaves, holds therapeutic potential for promoting liver and kidney health. Importantly, the observed effects were without significant adverse consequences. These results provide valuable insights into the safety and potential benefits of Carica papaya extracts, laying the foundation for further research and exploration of their applications in supporting hepatic and renal functions.

Preparation And In-Vitro Evaluation Of Stable Liquid Formulation Of Dehydro Ascorbic Acid For Oral Drug Delivery System

Ms. Anu Bhatia, Dr. M.K. Gupta, Dr. Anjana Devi — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and other eutectic solutions have found extensive use in a variety of fields, in the interest of academics, researchers, engineers, medical professionals, and pharmacists. Eutectic works as a synthesis pathway for drug carriers and enhances drug penetration and dissolution. Due to its special qualities, which include chemical and thermal stability, DESs have been thoroughly investigated as possible drug delivery systems to date. DESs, a novel class of eutectic mixtures, are presently receiving a lot of scientific and technological attention as less expensive substitutes for ionic liquids (ILs) and organic solvents. The current study's objectives were to determine photostability, enhance bioavailability, and investigate the feasibility of deep eutectic solvents as a viable option for creating a stable formulation of dehydroascorbic acid.

Seasonal Variations And Zooplankton Diversity From Mangroves Area, Kakinada District, Andhra Pradesh

Yandamuri Ayyanna, Alavala Matta Reddy, Pangi Vijaya Nirmala — Thu, 25 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the present study, the zooplankton diversity and distribution was studied in relation to seasonal variation in the mangrove area, Kakinada District, Andhra Pradesh. Samples were seasonally collected (i.e., monsoon: July-2013 and monsoon: June-2014). A total of 8 groups zooplankton were recorded during this study period. A total of 8 groups of zooplankton belonging to different species were identified. Copepod was found to be the most dominant group and it contributed more than 85% of the total zooplankton collected in this study. Second abundant group Molluscan veligers followed by Chaetognathes, Adult crustaceans, Decapods larvae, Polychaete larvae, Fish eggs and larvae and Cirripede nauplii. The results of present study help to develop an understanding on the zooplankton distribution in mangrove areas, which will form a reliable tool in bio-monitoring studies.

A Study On Fisherwomen Co-Operative Societies In Visakhapatnam District Of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Umarani Bachu, Prof. B. Lilly Grace Eunice — Sat, 20 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The fisheries sector in coastal regions like Andhra Pradesh, India, holds immense importance for livelihoods, particularly for fisherwomen who often remain marginalized. Fisherwomen cooperative societies have emerged as vehicles for empowering these women and fostering sustainable fishing practices. However, challenges impede their effectiveness and sustainability. This study delves into the fisherwomen cooperative societies in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, examining their organizational structures, socio-economic impacts, promotion of sustainable practices, and encountered challenges. Through surveys and data analysis, the study assesses employment opportunities, nature of activities, and problems faced by these societies. Findings reveal limited direct employment opportunities but potential for indirect roles in marketing and exports. While all societies engage in fish cultivation, marketing challenges persist due to reliance on middlemen and limited awareness. Production hurdles include seed quality and technical knowledge, while financial constraints hinder growth. Lack of infrastructure affects marketing efforts, necessitating interventions like cold storage and transportation facilities. Addressing these challenges through policy initiatives can enhance the resilience and sustainability of fisherwomen cooperative societies, contributing to the socio-economic development of fishing communities and broader society.

Harnessing the Health Benefits of Pulses (Fabaceae): Pulses (Fabaceae) Nutrient Contents & Phytochemical Composition.

Wed, 03 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Pulses, dry seeds of legume family, their roles have been very significant in human diets & agriculture for thousands of years. This comprehensive review paper delves into the nutritional properties, health benefits, & culinary uses of pulses. Pulses are very rich in plant proteins, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants & bioactive compounds, making them valuable for human nutrition. Furthermore, highlighting the potentially health benefits which the pulses provide, including their role in heart health, weight management, & blood sugar control. Pulses may lower your risk of developing cardiovascular disease, weight loss, & improved glycemic control in various studies. Pulse seeds vitally possess potential in the prevention of many chronic diseases e.g., cancer. Incorporating pulses into diets, especially in regions with dietary diversity challenges, is emphasized as a means to enhance nutritional status. Different culinary methods for pulse consumption are explored, along with the impact of processing techniques on nutrient retention. However, there are certain anti-nutritional factors in pulses, which can affect nutrient absorption & bioavailability. Traditional food preparation methods are discussed as strategies to mitigate the effects of these anti-nutrients. Overall, this review underscores the nutritional significance of pulses & their potential in promoting human health, while also acknowledging the importance of understanding & managing their anti-nutritional components. Pulses, with their diverse nutritional profile, have potential in contributing to sustainable & health-conscious diets worldwide.

Phytochemical Analysis And Anti-Nociceptive Activity Of Ethanolic Leaves Extract Of Crataeva Adansonii DC In Rodents

Sat, 25 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: The aim of this study was to screen the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the analgesic activity of crude ethanolic leaves extract of Crataeva adansonii at 50,100 and 200 mg/kg doses in experimental animal models.

Methodology: The ethanolic extract was prepared by maceration method followed by use of rotary evaporator. Phytochemical screening was done by using various tests. Analgesic activity was examined by acetic acid induced writhing for the evaluation of peripheral pain and tail flick and hot plate test were used for central pain evaluation.

Result: Ethanolic leaves extract and diclofenac sodium showed significant activities in both central and peripheral analgesic models as compared to control (p<0.001). Although leaves extract at dose of 50 and 200 mg/kg showed extremely significant result than 100 mg/kg of Crataeva adansonii. It was noted that diclofenac sodium was more potent among all with significantly greater activities as compared to all doses (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Crataeva adansonii can be used as an effective drug in the treatment of peripheral as well as in central pain due to its promising activity in animal models.

Toxic Impact Of Detergent (Bright) On Growth, External Morphology, Behaviour, Liver Toxicology, Haematological Parameters And Histopathology Of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)

Mon, 27 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Nile tilapia is cichlid fish. Globally tilapia is second important culture fish after carp. Chemical pollution of aquatic environments increased, seriously harming fisheries and ecosystems alike. Methods: Three glass aquarium of 45.72 x 60.96 x 45.72 cm was used. One was control and others were treatment groups. Different concentration of detergent was used 0.2 g/l for low dose and 0.4 g/l for high dose treatment. Experiment was conducted for 28 days. Stock density was 6 fishes per aquarium. The blood samples were preserved in EDTA tubes for haematological analysis. Results: Detergents reduce the fish growth. The mean body weight in control was 28.3± 3.72g while in high and low dose was 23.23±5.35g, 18.08±3.99g. Fish body was worst affected by detergents as swelling on lips and gill lamellae. Further, damage of caudal fin, scars on anal fin and swelling in eye region were also observed. Haematological analysis revealed that WBCs, RBCs, PLT, HGB, MCH, HCT increased and MPV, PDW decreased. Analysis of liver toxicology profile showed that level of urea and ALT decrease while level of AST increased. Behaviour showed increase in foraging while decrease in aggressiveness by detergents impact. No shoaling movement was observed. Histopathological revealed gill and liver tissue damage. Conclusion: To conclude, the detergents decreased the fish growth. It also affects the external morphology and behavior. Surfactant has been able to influence of histological of gill and liver, where the damage becomes increase with increasing concentration.

Mid-Term Survivorship And Functional Outcome Of Austin Moore And Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty In Patients With Femoral Neck Fractures

Fri, 03 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: To analyze outcomes and 5 year survivorship differences between Austin Moore (AMP) and bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty in our institution.

Material and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out including 371 patients with displaced intra-capsular neck of femur fractures who underwent Austin Moore Prosthesis (AMP) or bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) after written and informed consent, in Liaquat National Hospital from 2012 to 2016. Patients were followed after 5 years. In both groups differences in gender, comorbidities, ASA scores, operating time, intraoperative blood loss, ambulatory ability or postoperative morbidity and mortality and revision surgery between the two groups were also assessed. Kaplan–Meier curves were used for survivorship analysis and data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results: Between 2012-2016, a total of 371 patients underwent AMP and bipolar hemiarthroplasty in our setup, they were divided in 2 groups, after excluding the patients who were lost to follow-up or passed away, the total number of patients remaining were 76 (36 patients in AMP group and 40 patients in BHA group). The mean age in BHA group was 63.4 (± 9.3) and in AMP group 66.3 (± 10.9). Patients who achieved independent community ambulatory status in bipolar group was 70% and 33.3 % in AMP group, which was statically significant (P <0.05). Survivorship analysis was done using two end points (with 95 % confidence interval), mean time from surgery to independent ambulatory status was 5 (±0.6) weeks and 7 (±0.7) weeks in bipolar and unipolar hemiarthroplasty respectively which shows significant difference.

Conclusions: Patients who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty had a more satisfactory outcome in terms of early independent ambulation in comparison with those who underwent Austin moore prosthesis. Although there was significantly less blood loss and operating time in unipolar hemiarthroplasty, the ambulatory ability was significantly better in bipolar hemiarthroplasty group.

Heavy Metal Analysis In The Kali Estuary: A Cause For Concern

Sujal K. Revankar, J.L. Rathod — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Kali Estuary (14⁰ 80’58”N & 74⁰ 14’26.2”E) , located on the southwestern coast of India, is an important ecological system facing the threat of heavy metal contamination. The present study investigates the levels and sources of heavy metals in the estuary, focusing on water, sediment, and commercially important edible bivalve Meretrix meretrix. The analysis of heavy metals like Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Zinc and Arsenic reveals that elevated concentrations of metals are present in sediment and bivalve when compared with water. The heavy metals were observed in the following order Sediment Cr>Zn>Ni>As>Cd, Meretrix meretrix Zn> Ni> Cr>As>Cd and water Zn>Cd>Cr>Ni>As was observed. The geo accumulation of metals in sediment was negative and the bioaccumulation of Zinc and Nickel was observed in the Meretrix meretrix. Industrial activities, agricultural runoff, and natural weathering are identified as the primary contributors to this pollution in the Kali Estuary.

Study Of Morphometric Characters And Heavy Metals Detection In Knifefish (Notopterous Notopterous) Sampled From River Ravi, Pakistan

Thu, 04 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Notopterous notopterous belongs to catfishes and are 2^nd main group of freshwater fishes. Objectives: To measure morphometric characters and heavy metals in fish from River Ravi.

Methodology: Morphometric measurements was made by measurement tape and weight was calculated by digital balance. Heavy metals detection was also studied.

Results: It was found that, fish weight was 105.85±26.620 g, length with tail 21.03±1.60 cm, length without tail 19.30±1.5 cm. The distance in eyes was 1.47±0.30 cm, in nostrils 0.7±0.09 cm. Mandibles length was 2.59±0.30 cm, and maxilla 3.21±0.19 cm, diameter of eye 0.97±0.08 cm. Length of fins was also compared. The number of rays of different fins was also seen. The relationship between length and weight was discovered to be non-linear, and development was allometric. The concentration of Cd was more in Liver, Cr was more in Liver, Cu was more in Liver and Pb was more in Gills then other organs of the fish. Conclusions: Fish had large head region with various kinds of fins including dorsal fins and anal fins. Iron, cadmium, Copper, Chromium and lead in different organs were also seen and nickel was high in all organs of body except gills. Lead accumulates in the gills

Prevalence and Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Backyard Chickens of Khuzdar, Baluchistan

Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The prevalence, severity, and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in backyard chickens in Khuzdar, Baluchistan. A total of 200 fecal samples (100 males and 100 females) were collected. During sample collection, a thorough physical examination was conducted, noting parameters such as consistency, color, odor, and any abnormalities. The samples were carefully maintained under cold chain conditions and transported to the Department of Veterinary Parasitology at the Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences for further analysis. Microscopic examination of the fecal samples focused on identifying helminths. Various techniques, including the direct smear method, floatation method, and sedimentation method, were employed to detect helminth eggs. The results revealed that 53.50% of the fecal samples tested positive for eggs of different gastrointestinal parasites. Among the study areas, the highest prevalence rate (66.00%) was observed in Tehsil Zehri, followed by Karakh (54.00%), Wadh (50.00%), and Naal (44.00%). Gender differences were significant, with female backyard chickens being more susceptible to helminthic infection (72.00%) compared to males (35.00%). However, no statistically significant difference was found in the age groups of the chickens (p>0.005). Among age groups, gastrointestinal parasite infection was highest (56.00%) in chickens above sixteen weeks, followed by 53.00% in the 0-6 weeks group and 52.00% in the 6-15 weeks group.High (>1500 EPG),Medium (500-1000 EPG),Low (<500 EPG) medium load areas had the highest severity burden of helminth infection (48.59%). Ascaridia galli ,54.20%)Raillietina tetragona :24.29%) and Raillietina cesticillus : 21.49%)The highest prevalence occurs in Tehsil Zehri, and female hens are more susceptible to helminthic infection. Older chickens exhibit higher infection rates. Notably, Ascaridia galli is the most prevalent species in the region.

Anti-Diabetic Activity And Anti-Oxidant Activity Of Kalanchoe Pinnata And Their Characterization Studies.

Parvathy Menon P R, Nirmala Devi N, R Ragunathan, Jesteena Johney — Fri, 24 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Species of Kalanchoe have been used as a remedy for various infectious diseases and cancer treatment. This study evaluates the anti-diabetic properties of the plant, Kalanchoe pinnata. Phytochemical components, anti-oxidant assays were also carried out. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic compounds. The free radical scavenging activity was determined in which the ethanol extract showed the maximum inhibitory effect when compared with aqueous extract .Thin layer chromatography was done to determine the compound in a solvent system of methanol, acetic acid, formic acid and water in the ratio 3:1:1:0.5 . Characterization of the leaf extract was done by UV-visible spectroscopy which showed the peak between 300-350nm. FTIR analysis showed the presence of the various functional group present in the plant. Aqueous and ethanol extract was subjected to α-amylase inhibitory effect and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect to find the antidiabetic potential activity of the plant extract.

Key words: Kalanchoe, Phytochemical, Antidiabetic, TLC, Antioxidant