The effectiveness of Pleurotus ostreatus extract and two types of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coll in inhibiting aflatoxin B1 on local or imported zea mays in Kirkuk city / Iraq

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Ghada Aziz Ahmad, Dr. Hadi Alwan Muhammad al-Saadi

Abstract

 


This study was conducted at the University of Kirkuk | College of Education for Pure Sciences | Department of biology, for the period from 3-11-2022 to 12-30-2022. The study included the use of two types of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and an extract of  Pleurotus ostreatus in the inhibition of aflatoxin B1 on local and imported maize corn grains. It included collecting about 3 kilograms of local and imported corn in the city of Kirkuk /Iraq. The contaminated fungi were isolated from the local and imported zea mays  and were diagnosed morphologically and partially.


The results of the quantitative assessment of aflatoxin B1 in local and imported  maize corn grains were shown by the high-performance liquid chromatography technique, as it showed the results of the concentration of aflatoxin in local corn 18.99 ppb, which exceeded the permissible limit according to the instructions of the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). As for the imported, the percentage of aflatoxin B1 was 6.28, and it is from within the permissible limit.


The results of examining 31 isolates of the fungus showed their ability to produce 18 isolates to produce aflatoxin about 60%, which came from zea mays grains the results of the ammonia vapor test showed that the isolates flaves Aspergillus and Aspergillus niger were among the most producing isolates of aflatoxin B1 as they appeared in a walnut red . The results of the alcoholic and aqueous extract of Pleurotus ostreatus showed effectiveness in inhibiting the radial growth of the fungus Aspergillus florvus the concentrations of the alcoholic extract about %200_%100_%50_%25 as it led to inhibition of 20mm - 16mm _10mm – 0mm, respectively. As for the aqueous extract, its concentrations were %20_%15_%10_%5 which led to inhibition of 20mm – 18mm – 10mm – 8mm, respectively. As for the isolation of Aspergillus niger it did not respond to the aqueous and alcoholic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus. The results of some types of bacteria were shown which are  Staphylococcus aureus at concentrically and 0.5 Mcfarland  (1.5 x 10) cfu/ ml 0.5 Mefarland (3x10) cfu/ml and Escherichia coli bacteria Mcfarland(1.5 0.5 10) cfu and 0.5 Mefarland (3x10) cfu/ml as it is through experiments that conducted in the laboratory between these two types of bacteria have no effect in inhibiting the radial growth of fungal colonies A. Flanvas and A.niger


 

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Ghada Aziz Ahmad, Dr. Hadi Alwan Muhammad al-Saadi