Influence of Soil Invertebrates on Soil Decomposition

Abstract

Soil decomposition, a crucial component of nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, is a complex process orchestrated by a myriad of biotic and abiotic factors. Among the various contributors to this intricate web, soil invertebrates play a pivotal role in shaping decomposition dynamics. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the influence of soil invertebrates on soil decomposition processes, highlighting their diverse roles and interactions within the soil ecosystem. The review begins by examining the functional diversity of soil invertebrates involved in decomposition, ranging from macroscopic organisms such as earthworms and arthropods to microscopic decomposers like nematodes and mites. Emphasis is placed on their feeding habits, behavior, and ecological niches, providing a comprehensive overview of how different taxa contribute to the breakdown of organic matter. Furthermore, the review delves into the mechanisms through which soil invertebrates influence decomposition rates. This includes their physical activities, such as burrowing and fragmentation, which alter the physical structure of organic matter and affect microbial communities. Additionally, the role of invertebrates in nutrient cycling and microbial dynamics is explored, shedding light on the intricate feedback loops that govern decomposition processes. The interactive relationships between soil invertebrates and microorganisms are a focal point of discussion, encompassing mutualistic, commensal, and antagonistic interactions. Special attention is given to the emerging field of microbial symbionts associated with soil invertebrates and their potential impact on decomposition efficiency.