In vitro Anti-malarial Activity of Rhizome Extracts of Curcuma species

Abstract

Anopheles mosquitoes carry the deadly parasite illness malaria, which kills thousands of people annually in many tropical and subtropical areas. This study set out to evaluate the effectiveness of chloroquine in treating Curcuma species malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax. In this investigation, the malaria pathogen Plasmodium vivax was employed. In an incubator with 5% CO2 and 37°C, parasitemia was cultivated in RPMI 1640 culture media supplemented with 10% human serum and 2µg/ml of gentamycin. In order to evaluate plant extracts' ability to combat malaria, we employed the susceptibility micro assay method. Significant parasitaemia inhibitions were demonstrated by ethanolic extracts of Curcuma longa, Hedychium coronarium, and Curcuma caesia against blood stage chloroquine-resistant P. vivax, with low cytotoxic effects to parasitaemia cells in vitro. These inhibitions ranged from 5.8-75.6%, 2.2-29%, and 2-29.8%. The growth of P. vivax, which is resistant to chloroquine, was effectively inhibited by extracts derived from six different plant species. The results supported the fractionation of these plants using a bioassay to identify strong anti-malarial chemicals or to create standardised extracts that could strengthen the anti-malarial impact in vitro