A Review On Measuring Intra-Ocular Pressure Using Different Types Of Tonometers.

Abstract

This comprehensive review explores the various techniques for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP), a critical parameter in diagnosing and managing eye diseases, particularly glaucoma. The article examines multiple tonometry methods, each with its unique principles and implications for clinical practice. Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is established as the conventional standard, yet its limitations under certain corneal conditions have led to the development and adoption of alternative methods such as noncontact tonometry (NCT), dynamic contour tonometry (DCT), and rebound tonometry. The review also delves into indentation tonometry, highlighting its continued relevance in specific clinical situations. Technological advancements in portable and digital tonometry are discussed, emphasizing their role in making IOP measurement more accessible, especially in non-traditional and remote settings. Comparative studies and analyses are presented to illustrate the varying degrees of efficacy, accuracy, and reliability of these techniques, underscoring the importance of selecting the appropriate method based on individual patient needs and clinical scenarios. The review identifies significant gaps in current knowledge, particularly concerning the impact of ocular factors on measurement accuracy and the performance of tonometers in diverse patient populations. It advocates for ongoing research and technological development to refine these methods, ultimately contributing to better diagnosis and management of eye conditions.