Understanding Human Birth Intervals in South Asia: A Literature Review

Abstract

Human birth intervals are crucial not only in South Asia but also in various other regions worldwide, dealing the importance of comprehending the multifaceted factors influencing them. Research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa highlights how cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare factors impact birth intervals similarly to those observed in South Asia. Higher socioeconomic status tends to correlate with longer birth intervals, while cultural practices like early marriage and preferences for larger families contribute to shorter intervals. Studies in Latin America emphasize the significance of government policies and programmatic interventions in influencing birth intervals, echoing findings from South Asia. National family planning programs and educational campaigns have been instrumental in promoting longer birth intervals by enhancing access to contraceptives and reproductive health services. Additionally, research in Southeast Asia underscores the influence of family structure on birth intervals, mirroring findings in South Asia. Extended family setups often exert pressure on individuals to adhere to familial expectations regarding fertility, resulting in shorter birth intervals. These findings accentuate the universal relevance of factors shaping birth intervals across different regions, highlighting the necessity for tailored interventions to address global reproductive health challenges.