Phytochemical Analysis And Antifungal Activity Of Ipomoea Cairica (L.)Sweet And Hypericum Oblongi Folium Choisy Against Cladosporium Cladosprioides (Fresenius) De Vries.

Abstract

Ipomea cairica and Hypericum oblongifolium are being evaluated for its therapeutic efficacies. Survey was carried out at Sarkaghat region North Western Himalayas and both the plant species were collected from there. Plant species were observed morphologically, anatomically and identified at preliminary stage at Career Point University Hamirpur with the help of authentic keys and POWO guidelines. For final authentication plant samples were send to Himalayan Forest Research Institute Shimla and were identified there under the identification report number: 1(FE&CC-2) Res. (Plant ID)/HFRI/VOl-1/5 on dated 8/05/2023. For phytochemical screening both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. In qualitative analysis Fehling`s test, Biuret test, Alkaline reagent test and Salkowski test were performed, which shows the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids and terpenoids respectively in both the plants. Further Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed for quantitative analysis. Antifungal activity of ethanol extracts of both the plants were performed by food poisoning method against Cladosporium cladosprioides (Fresenius) de Vries. Both the plants show good antifungal activities against this pathogen. Further short points are as below:

Ipomoea cairica (L.)Sweet (Sample A): It grows on roadsides, forest margins, distributed areas and waste areas. This plant is hairless slim climber with bulbous roots and a lignescented base. Leaves are stalked with petioles and the leaf blade is ovate to circular, 3-10cm long and6-9cm wide. Flowers are violet color flower crown is funnel shaped and 4- 6cm long. Fruits are spherical capsules about 1cm in diameter and contain 1-2 hairy seeds. Its native ranges are Tropical and South Africa, Western Indian Ocean, Arabian Peninsula to East India. It belongs to family Convolvulaceae.

Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy (Sample B): This plant grows in hilly areas at the elevation of 800-1200 meters above the sea level. It is an herbaceous perennial plant with extensive and creeping rhizomes. Stems are branched, erect, reddish in the upper section and grow up to 1 meter high. Leaves are stalkless and opposite, oblong or narrow in shape and 1-2centimeters in length. Flowers have five petals and sepals, and are yellow in colour with black dots. Its native range is North Pakistan to Central Nepal and North West India. It belongs to family Hypericaceae.

Anatomy of Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet: Vascular Bundles are set up in a ring like manner and open collateral or conjoint. Xylem is found in the interior side of vascular bundles and it conducts minerals and water. Thecambium is present between phloem and xylem. Cells are rectangular in shape and having thin cell walls. Pollen Grains are pantoporate, spherical, 59-79µm wide.

Anatomy of Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy: Externally epidermis is mono-stratified and contains more or less rounded cells. The cortical parenchyma is thin with numerous lacunae which are numerous below the two smallwings. The xylem is robust and rings porous. Ovary is 4-7 × 3-5.5mm. Ovoid pyramidal to broadly ovoid.

Phytochemical Analysis of sample A: In the plant Ipomea cairica total 16 elements are present. Out of sixteen elements Compound name Cyclononasiloxane octadecamethyl with molecular formula (C18H54O9Si9), molecular weight (667.4g/mol), RT (min) 47.357 have maximum Area % 13.15. And Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl with (C12H36O6Si6), molecular weight (444.92g/mol), RT (min) 17.758 have minimum Area % 1.81.

Phytochemical Analysis of sample B: In the plant Hypericum oblongifolium total 14 elements are present. Out of sixteen elements Compound name Cyclononasiloxane octadecamethyl with molecular formula (C18H54O9Si9), molecular weight (667.4g/mol), RT (min) 47.357 have maximum Area% 14.35 AndCyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl with (C12H36O6Si6), molecular weight (444.92g/mol), RT(min) 30.025 have minimum Area% 1.74.

Antifungal Activity of Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet and Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy: Both the plants have good antifungal potential against Cladosporium cladosprioides (Fresenius) de Vries. Methanol extract of Hypericum oblongifolium shows maximum antifungal property and i.e 24 mm followed by methanol extract of Ipomoea cairica and ethanol extract of Hypericum oblongifolium i.e. 22 mm. The minimum antifungal property was shown by aqueous extract of Ipomoea cairica i.e. 6 mm.