SMEDDS: Emerging Technique For Enhancement Of Drug Solubility And Bioavailability

Abstract

Oral drug administration is favored for its inherent convenience and minimal discomfort. However, the oral bioavailability of newly developed pharmaceutical compounds often faces challenges due to their poor dissolution rates. To address this issue, innovative strategies have been devised to enhance drug absorption. The aforementioned strategies encompass many methodologies, namely consolidation, cocrystals, solid dispersions, and pH level management, including lipid-based methods for delivery. Among these techniques, self-microemulsifying formulations (SMEDDS) have garnered significant attention as highly efficient lipid-based delivery systems.

SMEDDS exhibit remarkable properties with droplet sizes as small as 100 nanometers. They not only facilitate drug permeation across the intestinal membrane but also protect it from degradation in the stomach. Additionally, SMEDDS simplify dosing regimens, elevate overall drug bioavailability, and reduce the required dosage. These formulations are formulated from a diverse array of components that collectively enhance oral bioavailability by The concept of bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism pertains to the process of drug metabolism in which the drug concentration undergoes substantial reduction prior to entering the systemic circulation, primarily as a result of hepatic metabolism.

The present critical review aims to provide an extensive examination of the formulation development, underlying mechanisms, in addition classification of SMEDDS. It serves as an essential resource for understanding the pivotal role played by SMEDDS in improving oral drug delivery, offering insights into their multifaceted potential and application in pharmaceutical research and development.