Heavy Metal Analysis In The Kali Estuary: A Cause For Concern

Abstract

The Kali Estuary (14⁰ 80’58”N & 74⁰ 14’26.2”E) , located on the southwestern coast of India, is an important ecological system facing the threat of heavy metal contamination. The present study investigates the levels and sources of heavy metals in the estuary, focusing on water, sediment, and commercially important edible bivalve Meretrix meretrix. The analysis of heavy metals like Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Zinc and Arsenic reveals that elevated concentrations of metals are present in sediment and bivalve when compared with water. The heavy metals were observed in the following order Sediment Cr>Zn>Ni>As>Cd, Meretrix meretrix Zn> Ni> Cr>As>Cd and water Zn>Cd>Cr>Ni>As was observed. The geo accumulation of metals in sediment was negative and the bioaccumulation of Zinc and Nickel was observed in the Meretrix meretrix.  Industrial activities, agricultural runoff, and natural weathering are identified as the primary contributors to this pollution in the Kali Estuary.