Trends Of Male Infertility: Etiopathogenesis & Diagnostics

Abstract

Infertility is an ominous problem worldwide. On average, about 10% of all couples face difficulty in starting a family and this creates a feeling of great personal failure, particularly in India where religious and socio-economic traditions have made it almost imperative for everyone to have children. A significant association had been found between impaired semen quality including sperm count, motility and morphology. In this review, the various contributory etiological factors i.e., pre-testicular, post-testicular or directly at the testicular level along with the factors that could influence each of the partners. Their age, medications, surgical history, systemic diseases, endocrine factors, exposure to environmental toxins, pesticides, industrial chemicals, genetic problems, Diet, Stress, Alcohol and modern lifestyle have been discussed which have a serious impact on male infertility. The key purpose of this review article is to evaluate certain causative factors of infertility and is to identify contributions to the pathogenesis of male infertility and ultimately offer better strategies for making the diagnosis.