Review On Hydrogen Production and Storage

Abstract

Hydrogen production is influenced by various factors, including durability, charge/discharge rates, refilling time, storage duration without loss, faster response, transient response, fuel quality, efficiency, safety, confirmability, weight, and volume. Several methods contribute to hydrogen production, such as the utilization of TiO₂ nano material as a photo catalyst in the hydrogen evolution process, leveraging its commendable physical and chemical properties. Graphene, with its excellent thermal, mechanical, and physical properties, also plays a crucial role in hydrogen production and storage. Other methods encompass autothermal reforming, steam methane reforming, partial oxidation, electrolysis for water splitting, gasification of coal, natural gas reforming, employment of nano materials, nuclear power, solar energy, wind energy, lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, biomass, algae, and advanced natural gas conversion plants.

Hydrogen serves as a clean fuel alternative for transportation, mitigating environmental pollution compared to conventional petrol usage. Storage of hydrogen occurs through physical and chemical means. The statement that "storing hydrogen at pressure will not cause any more significant safety issues than liquid fuel" is supported, highlighting the intrinsically safe design of storage systems even in the face of ballistic penetration or explosion events. This paper provides an in-depth review of various hydrogen production methods, emphasizing the generation of substantial quantities of hydrogen, and explores diverse storage approaches.