Magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based prostate cancer metabolism (MRS)

Abstract

It's crucial to comprehend PCa's metabolism in order to improve diagnostic methods and look into potential new therapy targets. Techniques for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been found to be helpful in the identification and measurement of metabolites. Citrate (Cit), a crucial molecule of oxidative phosphorylation, and changes in various metabolic pathways in PCa serve to illustrate metabolic phenotype and support tumour growth. Recent studies using dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) have shown that PCa has high rates of glycolysis (the Warburg phenomenon). Understanding the aberrant metabolic activity of PCa patients has been made possible by high-throughput metabolic profiling techniques using MRS on a variety of materials, including intact tissues, biofluids such prostatic fluid and seminal fluid, blood plasma/sera, and urine. An in-depth understanding of the metabolic rewiring related to cancer is possible thanks to the improved analytical capacity of these approaches in the identification and quantification of a large number of metabolites. The identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as the comprehension of the altered metabolic pathways that might be addressed to slow the progression of cancer, are two benefits of metabolomics study. The prospective uses of in vivo 1 H MRS, high-resolution magic angle spinning spectroscopy (HRMAS), and in vitro MRS approaches in understanding the metabolic alterations of PCa and their utility in the therapy of PCa patients are briefly discussed in this review.