A Comparative Analysis of Water Quality Index in Selvachinthamani and Periyakulam Lakes in Coimbatore, India

Abstract

Lakes play a crucial role in providing a multifaceted water source for both urban and rural populations in developing countries. They serve as a reliable supply for drinking, irrigation, agriculture, industrial processes, construction activities, domestic needs, and recreational purposes.This study evaluates the water quality in Selvachinthamani and Periyakulam Lakes, two crucial wetlands in Coimbatore, India, primarily used for irrigation. Water samples were collected quarterly from April 2022 to March 2023, and physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total solids, total hardness, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, and coliforms were analyzed. The results showed seasonal variations in water temperature, with the highest recorded during summer and the lowest during monsoon. pH values were nearly neutral to sub-alkaline conditions, conforming to WHO and BIS guidelines. Dissolved oxygen levels were consistently low, suggesting poor water quality and unsuitability for drinking purposes. Turbidity varied across seasons and locations, with higher values during monsoons due to increased particulate matter input from the Noyyal River. Electrical conductivity exceeded WHO and BIS guidelines, indicating high pollution influenced by anthropogenic activities. Total dissolved solids were elevated, influenced by natural sources, sewage, urban runoff, and agricultural activities. The study underscores the urgent need for water quality management and remediation efforts to preserve these critical water resources.