"Green Chemistry And Nanotechnology: Pioneering Sustainable Solutions For Arsenic Groundwater Contamination"

Abstract

This study critically examines the convergence of Green Chemistry and nanotechnology in addressing arsenic contamination in groundwater—a persistent threat to human health and environmental safety, particularly in regions like the Indo-Gangetic plain. By exploring sustainable chemical practices and advanced nanomaterials, the research highlights how interdisciplinary strategies can foster environmental remediation aligned with the principles of sustainable development. Green Chemistry, with its focus on safer reagents, renewable feedstocks, and minimal ecological disruption, offers a foundational framework for pollution prevention and resource-efficient solutions. However, effective implementation demands educational reform, emphasizing comprehensive training that integrates environmental, societal, and economic perspectives. Simultaneously, the paper explores the transformative role of nanotechnology, showcasing the efficacy of zero-valent iron, titanium dioxide, carbon-based materials, and especially iron oxide nanoparticles in arsenic removal. Green synthesis methods are underscored for their cost-effectiveness and environmental compatibility. Despite promising advancements, challenges such as toxicity, environmental persistence, and scalability remain unresolved. The review advocates for future research to optimize nanomaterial applications in real-world water treatment systems while ensuring safety and sustainability. Through an integrated analysis of chemical innovation, pedagogical evolution, and technological application, the study underscores a pathway toward resilient environmental management and sustainable development.