India’s Sustainable Growth Model: Policy Reforms, Digital Transformation and Resilience

Abstract

India has sustained strong economic growth despite multiple global headwinds, including the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, energy price shocks, and monetary tightening across advanced economies. According to the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook Update (January 2023), India’s GDP growth was projected at 6.1–6.5%, making it the fastest-growing major economy. This paper examines the structural and policy dimensions underpinning India’s resilience up to January 2023. Using secondary data from IMF, RBI, World Bank, NITI Aayog, and NPCI, the study highlights the role of fiscal-monetary coordination, digital transformation, MSME empowerment, Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes, and green energy initiatives. Tables and figures capture trends in GDP growth, inflation, UPI transactions, repo rates, and FDI inflows. Comparative insights with China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Singapore are included to situate India’s global positioning. The study concludes with policy implications and a future roadmap towards India @2047, emphasizing inclusiveness, sustainability, and innovation as key pillars of long-term prosperity.