Therapeutic Role of Probiotics In Managing Various Diseases

Abstract

Since last few decades, probiotics gained the attention of clinicians for their use in the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases. Probiotic bacteria play a critical and functional role in clinical and nutritional applications. In the last decades, a wide number of scientific works and studies shed light on the crucial role of probiotic microorganisms and their potential to cure various ailments and disorders based on the promising findings and results of different in vitro and in vivo investigations, suggesting a powerful connection flanked by these so-called probiotics and the human immuno-modulatory responses. The issues that were noticed are included: fibrocystic, diabetes, acne, colon cancer, cardiovascular, urinary tract infections, atopic eczema syndrome, food allergies and obesity. Probiotics main mechanisms of action include enhanced mucosal barrier function, direct antagonism with pathogens inhibition of bacterial adherence and invasion capacity, boosting of the immune system and regulation of the central nervous system. Enhancement in using drug treatment has led to the appearance of drug-resistance concern, thus probiotics can be a suitable choice. There is a mutual communication between the central nervous system and the liver, the so-called “microbiota-gut-liver axis” as well as a reciprocal communication between the intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system through the “microbiota-gut-brain axis”. This review focuses on the effect of probiotic bacteria and their metabolites on immune-boosting, prevention and treatment of these diseases.