Novel Paradigms Of Drugs For Regimen Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a collection of ailments that are responsible for blockage of airflow and breathing problems like chronic bronchitis and emphysema, resulting in extreme respiratory distress. The seriousness of the illness helps to determine which medicines are utilized for its treatment. In initial stages of COPD, people with severe respiratory issues need to take medicine. Certain medications must be administered regularly when the symptoms recur and worsen. When COPD becomes complex, patients need to take multiple drugs simultaneously. Conventional and nanoforms of several drugs like bronchodilators, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), Nrf2 activators, spin traps, anti-inflammatory drugs, and enzyme mimics that are used to fight against the oxidative stress are discussed in this review. It also highlighted the significance of the nanocarriers and microparticles in treating chronic lung disease along with stem cell and gene therapy related approaches. In short, this review article highlights the pathophysiology and various treatment options for COPD.