Intraspecific Competition and Mating System Dynamics in Freshwater Fish: Insights from a Field Study in Kalaburagi, India

Abstract

This comprehensive study investigates the behavioral dynamics of freshwater fish across diverse water bodies in Kalaburagi, India. Focusing on prominent species such as Rohu, Catla, Mrigal, Common Carp, and Snakehead, the research elucidates key morphometric characteristics, territorial behaviors, and responses to environmental variables. Morphometric analyses reveal species-specific traits, with Rohu and Catla exhibiting larger mean lengths and unique morphological features. Territorial behaviors, observed in the number of territories, duration of disputes, and aggressive displays, unveil distinctive strategies among the studied species. The correlation between fish density and aggression levels provides valuable insights into intraspecific competition within different habitats. Courtship rituals, with behaviors, durations, and unique characteristics, shed light on the reproductive strategies of each species. Factors influencing mate selection, such as body size, coloration, and spawning site preferences, play a crucial role in shaping mate preferences. Environmental variables, including water temperature and pH levels, showcase correlations with aggressive behaviors and courtship intensity. These findings emphasize the sensitivity of fish behaviors to variations in habitat conditions, highlighting the interconnected dynamics within freshwater ecosystems. Exploring different aquatic habitats—Rivers, Ponds, Streams, Reservoirs, and Wetlands—the study further reveals variations in water temperature, pH levels, and dissolved oxygen levels. This holistic approach provides a nuanced understanding of how environmental factors shape the ecological niches of freshwater fish in Kalaburagi. This study contributes valuable insights into the behavioral ecology of freshwater fish, emphasizing the importance of species-specific adaptations and habitat variability.