Toxic Impact Of Detergent (Bright) On Growth, External Morphology, Behaviour, Liver Toxicology, Haematological Parameters And Histopathology Of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)

Abstract

Introduction: Nile tilapia is cichlid fish. Globally tilapia is second important culture fish after carp. Chemical pollution of aquatic environments increased, seriously harming fisheries and ecosystems alike. Methods: Three glass aquarium of 45.72 x 60.96 x 45.72 cm was used. One was control and others were treatment groups. Different concentration of detergent was used 0.2 g/l for low dose and 0.4 g/l for high dose treatment. Experiment was conducted for 28 days. Stock density was 6 fishes per aquarium. The blood samples were preserved in EDTA tubes for haematological analysis. Results: Detergents reduce the fish growth. The mean body weight in control was 28.3± 3.72g while in high and low dose was 23.23±5.35g, 18.08±3.99g. Fish body was worst affected by detergents as swelling on lips and gill lamellae. Further, damage of caudal fin, scars on anal fin and swelling in eye region were also observed. Haematological analysis revealed that WBCs, RBCs, PLT, HGB, MCH, HCT increased and MPV, PDW decreased. Analysis of liver toxicology profile showed that level of urea and ALT decrease while level of AST increased. Behaviour showed increase in foraging while decrease in aggressiveness by detergents impact. No shoaling movement was observed. Histopathological revealed gill and liver tissue damage. Conclusion: To conclude, the detergents decreased the fish growth. It also affects the external morphology and behavior. Surfactant has been able to influence of histological of gill and liver, where the damage becomes increase with increasing concentration.