Maternal Health of Tribal Women in Kerala: Challenges and Interventions

Abstract

This study investigates the maternal health of tribal women in Kerala, focusing on the districts of Wayanad, Idukki, and Palakkad. Despite Kerala's commendable healthcare achievements, tribal women face significant maternal health challenges due to socio-economic disadvantages, geographical isolation, and cultural practices. Using a mixed-method approach, the study combines quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.

The findings reveal that a substantial portion of tribal women lack adequate antenatal and postnatal care, with 30% receiving no antenatal visits and 67% not receiving postnatal care. Most of the births occur at home i.e., 60%, often without skilled attendants, which increases the risk of complications. Socio-economic factors, such as low income and education levels, further exacerbate these issues. The study also highlights significant barriers to healthcare access, including the distance to healthcare facilities and limited transportation options. Additionally, cultural beliefs strongly influence maternal health practices, with many women preferring traditional birth attendants and home remedies over institutional care.

The analysis underscores the urgent need for improved healthcare infrastructure, culturally sensitive training for healthcare providers, and enhanced awareness programs to promote maternal health among tribal communities. The study concludes with recommendations to address these barriers and improve maternal health outcomes, thereby contributing to more equitable healthcare access and better health for tribal women in Kerala.