This paper investigates some of the liquid crystal phases, properties, and types. The study of molecular geometry is essential for understanding the properties of liquid crystals. Certain features of molecular geometry are covered, as well as the classification of liquid crystals. The molecular packings in several liquid crystalline formations are presented and associated with some liquid crystalline state of matter phenomena. Optical features related to liquid crystal applications are described. Liquid crystal applications are concentrated on three areas. These include using cholesteric materials (spontaneously twisted nematic liquid crystals) in non-destructive testing in industrial laboratories and medical clinics, using liquid crystals in displays, and using liquid crystals as solvents.
