Adaptation of Livelihood Practices in Flood-Prone Regions of Majuli District, Assam

Abstract

Floods and riverbank erosion are among India's most common natural disasters, particularly affecting deltaic regions. In Assam, the Majuli district is especially vulnerable due to its location in the heart of the Brahmaputra River. As a flood-prone river island, Majuli necessitates adaptive livelihood strategies. Promoting alternative income sources like handicrafts, ecotourism, and fish farming can help support affected communities. Introducing skill development programs aimed at sustainable agricultural practices and encouraging community-based disaster preparedness initiatives can strengthen local resilience. Coordinated efforts with local authorities and NGOs are vital for implementing comprehensive and lasting solutions.

               This article is based on my recent research on flooding and riverbank erosion in the Majuli district of Assam. A total of 250 households were selected using a stratified random sampling method from 20 Gaon Panchayats within the Majuli Development Block and the Ujani Majuli Development Block. The study utilized both primary and secondary data sources. An analysis of data spanning from 1990 to 2023 reveals that the Brahmaputra River continues to widen its course, gradually eroding one village after another. Residents are confronted with a range of challenges in sustaining their livelihoods. Every year, many are displaced due to land loss, with some relocating permanently to safer areas. A significant number of individuals have been forced to change their occupations, often resulting in long-term economic hardship. Various organizations are making dedicated efforts to reduce the damage and support affected communities.