A Review of Deficit Irrigation Strategy Applied on the Citrus Orchards

Abstract

Citrus production is a vital component of global agriculture, yet it faces significant challenges due to increasing water scarcity exacerbated by climate change. Deficit irrigation (DI) strategies, such as Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) and Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD), have emerged as effective water-saving techniques to optimize water-use efficiency while maintaining acceptable yields and fruit quality in citrus orchards. RDI involves applying controlled water stress during less sensitive growth stages, such as early fruit development or post-harvest, to reduce water consumption without compromising productivity. PRD alternates irrigation between rootzone sections, inducing mild stress to enhance water use efficiency and fruit quality. Both strategies offer benefits, including improved fruit sugar content, color, and drought resilience, but their implementation requires precise timing, advanced irrigation infrastructure, and continuous monitoring. Challenges such as variability in soil types, economic barriers, and the need for farmer education highlight the importance of targeted research and policy support. This review underscores the potential of DI strategies to promote sustainable citrus production in water-limited regions while addressing the practical and economic constraints faced by growers.