Socio-Economic Inequalities And Debt Dependence Among Inland Fishing Communities In The Ganga–Gomati Rivers

Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic conditions and debt dependence of inland fishing communities residing along the Ganga–Gomati river system. Based on data from 1,330 respondents, the findings reveal that fishing and allied activities remain the primary source of livelihood for more than 80% of households, highlighting their heavy dependence on the river ecosystem. The income distribution shows that a majority of fishermen fall into low-income categories, with limited scope for alternative occupations. The analysis also indicates a significant reliance on informal credit systems, with nearly 57% of fishermen depending on moneylenders, often trapped in cycles of high-interest debt. Formal financial institutions such as cooperatives and banks remain underutilized due to procedural barriers and limited accessibility. These patterns of economic fragility, high indebtedness, and lack of livelihood diversification contribute to persistent socio-economic inequalities within the community. The study emphasizes the urgent need for financial inclusion, debt-relief mechanisms, sustainable fisheries management, and targeted government interventions to improve the living standards of inland fishermen and break the cycle of poverty.