Advances in Aquaculture Technology: A Review of Sustainable Practices

Abstract

The fastest-growing industry in food production is aquaculture, which is essential to supplying the world's protein needs. This review examines aquaculture's sustainable practices and technological developments. The industry witnessed a transition from conventional techniques to more sustainable and effective systems as worries about resource depletion and environmental degradation grew. Technologies like Biofloc, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture, and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) decreased waste discharge and increased water use efficiency. Aquaculture operations' ecological footprint has decreased as a result of feed development innovations, especially those involving plant-based and alternative protein sources.

Furthermore, improvements in health management, such as the use of vaccines, probiotics, and improved diagnostic equipment, have significantly decreased the incidence of disease outbreaks and the use of antibiotics. Additionally, selective breeding and genetic advancement for disease resistance and quicker growth were emphasized. Government laws and international collaboration supported sustainable development, while certification programs like the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) and GlobalG.A.P. encouraged ethical behaviour.

Despite these developments, there were still issues with small-scale farmers' adoption of new technologies, high operating costs, and uneven regional enforcement of policies. In order to guarantee aquaculture's long-term sustainability, this review emphasizes the necessity of ongoing innovation, capacity building, and policy support.