Green Synthesis Of Noble Metal Nanoparticles From Marine Resources: A Comprehensive Review Of Palladium And Rhodium Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The green synthesis of palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention due to its environmentally friendly, sustainable approach, utilizing natural marine resources. Marine organisms, particularly seaweeds, have emerged as promising biological sources for nanoparticle synthesis. These nanoparticles, due to their unique physicochemical properties, have shown significant potential in biomedical applications, including antibacterial, anticancer, and drug delivery systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the green synthesis of Pd and Rh nanoparticles using marine resources, with a focus on their characterization, mechanisms of synthesis, and various biomedical applications. The study further discusses the advantages of using green synthesis methods over traditional chemical processes and explores the potential of Pd and Rh nanoparticles in addressing current challenges in nanomedicine.