Mammalian Habitat Preservation In Innerline Reserve Forest, Cachar: A Conservation Perspective

Abstract

Mammalian habitat preservation in reserve forests is increasingly important for biodiversity conservation in human-dominated landscapes, with increased emphasis within global biodiversity hotspots. The present study assessed mammalian diversity, habitat characteristics, and conservation challenges in the Innerline Reserve Forest of Cachar District, Assam, located in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. A field-based ecological survey approach was adopted, integrating line transect surveys, indirect sign observations, vegetation assessment, and socio-ecological surveys. The study recorded diverse mammalian species representing multiple trophic guilds, including herbivores, carnivores, primates, and small mammals. Habitat-wise analysis revealed higher species richness and activity in dense forest patches and areas close to seasonal water sources, while degraded forest areas and forest fringes supported lower diversity. Vegetation structure and water availability were found to be the key determinants of habitat suitability, whereas logging, grazing, fuelwood collection, and encroachment negatively affected habitat quality and species occurrence. Socio-ecological findings highlighted the local dependence on forest resources and the prevalence of human–wildlife interactions near forest boundaries. The results bring forth the conservation importance of reserve forests as crucial habitats and ecological corridors outside the protected area network. Strengthening habitat protection, enhancing forest governance, and encouraging community participation are imperative for effective mammalian habitat preservation in the Innerline Reserve Forest.