Assessment Of Freshwater Fish Biodiversity And Conservation Status In Selected Wetlands Of Jaunpur District

Abstract

Wetlands are dynamic and ecologically significant ecosystems that play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity, particularly freshwater fish diversity. This study investigates the diversity, abundance, and conservation status of freshwater fish species across four representative wetlands—Gujar Tal, Chandrawal Pond, Sikraur Wetland, and Hathipur Wetland—in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seasonal field surveys were conducted using traditional fishing techniques, and species were identified, preserved, and analyzed using standard taxonomic keys and ecological indices. A total of 58 fish species were recorded, with diversity peaking during the monsoon season. Biodiversity indices such as Shannon-Weiner (H'), Simpson's Dominance (D), and Margalef’s Richness (R) indicated that Gujar Tal exhibited the highest ecological richness, while Hathipur Wetland, dominated by aquaculture and exotic species, showed reduced diversity and high species dominance. Geospatial tools such as GIS and NDWI/NDVI analysis were used to map habitat changes and relate them to species distribution. The study identified multiple anthropogenic threats, including pollution, overfishing, habitat fragmentation, and exotic species introduction. Conservation status assessments using the IUCN Red List and CAMP reports revealed several species of regional concern. The findings emphasize the need for site-specific conservation strategies and sustainable wetland management practices that integrate ecological monitoring with local stakeholder participation. This research serves as a baseline for future biodiversity assessments and advocates for a comprehensive, spatially-informed approach to wetland conservation in semi-rural India.