Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Irrigation Water from the Yamuna River: A Review

Abstract

Delhi relies on the Yamuna River, one of the nation's most contaminated. Yamuna River is the main irrigation and water source. Farmers farm the entire Yamuna Pusta. Water quality depends on physicochemical and biological qualities. pH, temperature, and minute amounts of necessary and superfluous metals in water can make it unsafe for humans. Home and industrial sources cause 85% of pollution. Private and industrial waste from coal washery, plastic, steel, food processing, metal work, and leather tanning pollutes the river. The principal sources of heavy metal contamination in water are these activities. Metals in polluted soil bioaccumulate in crops. Heavy metal ions like Cd (II), Hg (II), Pb (II), Ni (II), As (V and III), Cr (VI), and Cu (II) in water can cause liver damage, kidney impairment, stomach and skin tumors, mental ailments, and reproductive system damage. Therefore, heavy metal effluence in water must be measured and eliminated. This study examines Yamuna River water and agricultural samples. To study heavy metals' harmful consequences.