Biosocial Determinants and Infant Feeding Practices Influencing Growth among Tribal Infants in Manipur Valley

Abstract

Birth weight and early infancy growth are critical indicators of child health, shaped by a complex interplay of maternal biosocial, nutritional, and environmental factors. This longitudinal study investigates the influence of maternal characteristics and feeding practices on infant growth among tribal populations in the valley districts of Manipur. A sample of 457 mother–infant pairs was followed over twelve months, with infant weight as the primary outcome variable. Using multiple and stepwise regression analyses, the study evaluates seventeen maternal and environmental predictors, including maternal age, weight, parity, education, antenatal care, and infant feeding practices. The findings reveal that infant age (p < 0.01) and maternal weight (p < 0.01) are the most significant positive predictors of growth, while maternal age (p < 0.05) and parity (p < 0.01) show significant negative associations. Exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.01) and colostrum feeding (p < 0.01) emerge as strong contributors to improved infant weight. Antenatal care utilization (p < 0.01) and access to safe drinking water (p < 0.01) also positively influence growth outcomes. The study underscores the multifactorial nature of infant growth and emphasizes the need for targeted maternal and child health interventions in underserved tribal communities, supporting context-specific health strategies.