Algae Biofuel as a Substitute for Petrol: Comparative Life-Cycle & Emissions Assessment

Abstract

The rising environmental impact of fossil fuels has accelerated research into renewable alternatives. Among these, algae-based biofuels are promising due to high productivity, CO₂ sequestration ability, and non-competition with food crops. This study evaluates the life-cycle environmental performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of algal biofuel relative to conventional petrol. Using a cradle-to-burn analysis, we quantify energy input, carbon footprint, and emissions output. Results indicate that algae biofuel systems can reduce lifecycle CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) emissions by up to 65% compared to petrol, while offering a lower net energy balance. The assessment also identifies key stages—harvesting, lipid extraction, and combustion—where improvements yield the greatest environmental benefits. The findings support algae biofuel as a viable, lower-emissions alternative to conventional petrol, especially when integrated with carbon capture and waste nutrient utilization.