Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles: A Critical Review

Abstract

The properties of a material can be greatly enhanced by producing substances on nanoscales. Zinc oxide is attractive for numerous applications, and therefore it is significant in a number of industries. But as environmental concerns have grown, ecologically friendly manufacturing techniques have emerged. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in biological processes for making nanoparticles of metal and nanoparticles of metal oxides, as per the literature. This approach to producing nanomaterials was given the name "green synthesis." In this approach, the negative effects are less than the synthesis by physicochemical methods which are currently applied in industries. Zinc oxide nanoparticles could be sustainably produced using various biological substrates. However, the complications that exist in creating biological extracts are a barrier to comprehending the processes and formation mechanisms that occur throughout the synthesis. This makes it challenging to conduct production on a large scale via green synthesis approaches. Hence, this current study includes information on the many biological substrates and methods that could be employed to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles in an environmentally responsible manner.