Vitamin D3 level and Liver Enzymes Among a sample of Type 2 Diabetes patients in Hilla city, Iraq

Abstract

Background: The synthesis of vitamin D, a modified steroid required for the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, occurs in the epidermis when exposed to sunlight.

Objective: Assessment of Vitamin D3 and Liver Enzyme Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Hilla Patients.

Patients and Methods: A total of 300 individuals among them 150 people suffering with type 2 DM were chosen as case and 150 age and sex matched healthy subjects were served as control of both genders whose ages ranged between 30 and 79 years were enrolled. The period of data collection lasted 5 months, it began on 1 November 2022 ending on 30 March 2023. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Vitamin D3, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total serum bilirubin (TSB) were measured in patients’ serum. The association of both Vitamin D3 and liver enzyme levels with T2DM and control was evaluated by Chi-square analyses.

Results the Mean±SD of the age was 55.4±10.1were T2DM and the Mean±SD of the age was 55.3±10.0 were control. the highest percentage of T2DM and control (33.3%) was in the age group 50–59 years, and the lowest percentage of T2DM and control (6.7%) was in the age group 30–39 years. The percentage of females represented (56.7%) and males (43.3%) in T2DM and control, and related to educational qualification, showed that the highest percentage (24.7%) could read and write, whereas the lowest percentage (13.3%) graduated from college or higher in T2DM. As for the educational qualifications of the control group, the highest percentage of them (38.0%) were in college or higher, whereas the lowest percentage of them (7.3%) were illiterate. The marital status showed that the highest percentage of them (93.3%) was married to T2DM and 98.7% was married to control, whereas the lowest percentage of them (6.7%) was single or widowed of T2DM and (1.3%) was single or widowed of control. A high percentage (55.3%) of T2DM were residents of urban areas, while the lowest percentage of them (44.7%) were residents of rural areas. the vitamin D3 level (deficient, insufficient, and normal) is 38.7%, 33.3%, and 28.0%, respectively, of T2DM, whereas the vitamin D3 level (deficient, insufficient, and normal) is 28.7%, 30.0%, and 41.3%, respectively, of control. The mean ALT, AST, TSB were 25.83±14.52, 22.29±10.46, and 12.91±4.30 respectively of T2DM, whereas The mean ALT, AST, TSB were 21.07±10.20, 20.67±8.02, and 10.88±3.02 respectively of control. 

Conclusions: Vitamin D3 plays a crucial role in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and there is a significant difference between low vitamin D status and a higher risk of developing the disease. There were no statistically significant differences in some liver enzymes between individuals with T2DM and the control groups.

Recommendations: Vitamin D3, liver enzymes, and T2D need specially designed clinical studies carried out in well-defined populations.