A Systematic Review on Multiple Sclerosis with Its Pathophysiology and Drugs For Treatment

Abstract

A chronic neuro-inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord termed Multiple Sclerosis (MS) afflicted about 2.5 million people globally. This is a general cause of severe physical disability in young adults, particularly in women. A major personal along with socioeconomic burden is posed by it and 30 years is the disease onset’s average age. Around 50% of patients need everlasting use of a wheelchair after diagnosis. An observational study has presented genetic and environmental influences via an underlined pathophysiology, which is broadly believed to be autoimmune in nature, while the exact etiology of the disease is unfamiliar. Inflammatory lesions that cause (a) neuronal demyelination, (b) axonal damage, along with (c) subsequent neurological dysfunctions succeeding the multiple plaques generations in the white and grey matter of the spinal cord and brain are the underlying pathophysiology hallmarks. Hence, this study explained the drugs approved for MS’s treatment, the pathophysiology of MS, MS with its types, and Therapeutic approaches centered on pathophysiological mechanisms in MS. The physical activity levels betwixt patients with MS, as well as MS prevalence by race and ethnicity, are also examined by this work.