Endocannabinoid System: Role in Depression, Recompense, And Pain Control (Review)

Abstract

Nearly 80% of patients have depression and pain, which are linked to poor health-related quality of life and frequently raise death rates. However, most patients with co-occurring depression and pain do not benefit from drug therapies that treat either pain or depression, making this co-occurring illness a severe problem for both people and society. Historically, Cannabis sativa plant extracts, now known as marijuana, were used to treat this depression-pain comorbidity. With the discoveries of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and CB2, the mechanism of action of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the potent cannabinoid component of marijuana, has only lately been discovered. Subsequent studies led to the discovery of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol as endocannabinoids, which have cannabinomimetic effects via the CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are positioned on presynaptic membranes in the CNS and peripheral tissues, respectively. These endocannabinoids are lipophilic compounds created on demand from membrane lipids and quickly removed after hydrolysing enzyme use. Patients with persistent pain had altered endocannabinoid signaling, according to clinical investigations. There was much evidence that the endocannabinoid system was responsible for depression and chronic pain-related derangements of neurotransmission, neuroendocrine, and inflammatory processes. For the treatment of pain and depression, several synthetic cannabinomimetic medicines are being created.