An assessment of Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre species extracts as potential antimicrobial agents against Bacterial pathogens of fishes

Abstract

In human nutrition, fish is a substantial source of dietary animal protein. Bacteria are one of the principal causal agents of fish infections in both wild and domesticated fish, causing significant economic losses. Few pathogens affect freshwater and marine fish; nevertheless, numerous diseases may manifest as solely skin infections, in particular flexibacteria, aeromonads, and vibrios. Ulcers, bleeding, scale loss, tail and fin rot, and dropsy are all bacterial illnesses found in fish. Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. bacteria are ubiquitous facultative parasites whose pathogenicity becomes a concern for fish only under adverse conditions.

Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp., which are commonly associated with large carps and live fish in freshwater, were described and tested against a plant extract of Pongamia pinnata. This study found that while both pathogenic bacterial isolates from fish are vulnerable to P. pinnata extracts, intermediate to total resistance to various antibiotics develops.