Climate Variability and Fisher Adaptation in Lakshadweep: A Qualitative Study of Coastal Observations

Abstract

Coastal communities serve as vital observers of environmental change, and this study explores how small-scale fishers in the Lakshadweep Islands perceive and interpret climate variability through their lived experiences and traditional ecological knowledge. The research employed ethnographic and phenomenological approaches, conducting fieldwork across three inhabited islands: Kavaratti, Agatti, and Minicoy. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and participatory tools with 30 experienced fishers aged 25-70. Thematic analysis revealed three primary domains: perceived environmental changes, traditional indicators utilized by fishers, and adaptation strategies. Fishers consistently reported climate-induced alterations, particularly in monsoon patterns, sea conditions, and fish catch. Many continue to rely on traditional ecological knowledge to inform fishing decisions, but noted increasing unreliability of these indicators due to climate change. Adaptation strategies varied based on access to resources and experience, with younger fishers embracing technological tools and older fishers relying on accumulated knowledge. Community-based information sharing emerged as a significant resilience strategy. The findings underscore the importance of integrating local knowledge into climate adaptation policies and research. Recommendations include involving fishers in monitoring and planning, enhancing access to technology and training, strengthening livelihood support schemes, establishing community-based early warning systems, investing in participatory research, promoting climate education, and protecting coral ecosystems through local stewardship. The study highlights the value of indigenous knowledge in understanding and responding to climate variability, emphasizing the need for a hybrid approach that combines traditional wisdom with scientific innovation to build adaptive capacity in island communities like Lakshadweep.